Structure
Noun + が + いる
Details
Part of Speech
Expression
Word Type
Verb
Register
Standard
品詞
表現
単語の種類
動詞
使用域
一般
About がいる
がいる is a common construction that is simply a combination of the が particle, and the verb いる. This expression means 'to exist', or 'there is', and is used in relation to living/animate things.
Because the things being described in these examples are considered to be alive (or operated by something that is alive), いる is the verb that will be used. ある is used for non-living things.
The polite form of いる conjugates as います. Due to the る being removed, we can determine that いる is a る-Verb (Ichidan verb).
The kanji form of 居る is quite common, and should be learned as early as possible to save any confusion while reading. There is no nuance difference between this expression being used with or without kanji, and is up to the preference of the writer.
Caution
The が in がいる is often omitted in casual speech, or writing that behaves like casual speech (manga, instant messaging, etc).
-
そこに警察居るよ。There is a cop over there.
Synonyms
Examples
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私がいる。
I am (here). (exist)
トムがいます。
Tom is (here). (exists)
田中さんとトムがいます。
Mr. Tanaka and Tom are (there). (exist)
先生がいます。
There is a teacher. (exists)
私と友達がいます。
A friend and I are (here). (exist)
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Online
Compare 「がある」and「がいる」
いいね Nihongo
ある & いる
Imabi
ある & いる + particles (There is / I have)
Japanese Ammo
Offline
Genki I
Page 77
Genki I 2nd Edition
Page 107
みんなの日本語 I
Page 68 [CH 10]
[DBJG] A Dictionary of Basic Japanese Grammar
Page 10 & 153
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