Structure
Noun + がある
(1) + Noun
(1) のある
Details
Part of Speech
Expression
Word Type
Noun
Register
Standard
品詞
表現
単語の種類
名詞
使用域
一般
About がある + Noun
In this expression, がある has the role of describing the noun that follows it. The description that it is giving is '(A) がある (B)' = '(B) has/with (A)'. This type of phrase is called a relative clause (something that describes a noun), and behaves similarly to an adjective.
In English, a relative clause would require a pronoun such as 'who' 誰, 'which' どれ, 'that' それ・あれ, 'where' どこ. However, these types of words are not required in Japanese, and the noun will follow がある directly.
Caution
In a relative clause, because (A) is describing (B), (B) will be considered the 'main topic/subject'. This means that は will generally not be used in place of が. However, の can be used instead of が, as showing a relationship between (A) and (B) is one of the main functions of の.
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漫画はある本屋。(Unnatural Japanese, unless you're making the point that there is something else that this bookstore doesn't have. This is an advanced use of は)A book store that... well... it has manga.
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綺麗な川のある山。(Natural Japanese, but less common than が)A mountain with a beautiful river.
Synonyms
Examples
ベッドがある部屋。
A room that has a bed.
たくさん休みがある5月が好き。
I like the month of May with its many holidays.
綺麗な池がある公園。
A park with a beautiful pond.
家がある人。
People who have a house.
冷蔵庫がある台所。
A kitchen with a refrigerator.
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Grammar: Qualifying/Modifying Nouns
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みんなの日本語 I
Page 62 [CH 9]
[DBJG] A Dictionary of Basic Japanese Grammar
Page 376 - Relative Clause
Tae Kim's Japanese Grammar Guide
Page 63
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がある + Noun – Grammar Discussion
Most Recent Replies (19 in total)
smearedink
CosmicGuest
Why is があります incorrect? As in ベッドがあります部屋。
machinaeZER0
Question/confusion regarding the example I was quizzed on here:
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