文法の説明

N4 レッスン 8: 14/18

しか~ない

There's only, Nothing but

使い方・接続

Noun + しか + Verb[ない]

詳細

  • 使用域

    Standard

  • 使用域

    一般

「しか~ない 」の情報

The adverbial particle しか is often compared to だけ, in that it also expresses 'only'. However, unlike だけ, しか can only be used in negative statements. Due to this, しか~ない is regularly translated as 'there's only (A)', or 'there's nothing but (A)'. しか~ない may be used to express numbers, or nouns. In this lesson we will examine nouns.
Like しか~ない, the construction used for expressing numbers, when used before a noun, this expression will mean that nothing apart from that one 'thing' exists. Any verb may be used after しか, but it must be in its ない (or ありません) form.
  • 犯人(はんにん)まだ3(にん)しか(つか)まっていない
    Only 3 of the criminals have been caught so far.
  • この(みせ)牛丼(ぎゅうどん)しか()ていない
    This store only has gyudon.
  • ()()一匹(いっぴき)しか()ない(かな)くなる
    I get sad when I go fishing and only catch one fish.
Caution
when しかない directly follows a verb, the translation is a little bit different, and means that 'nothing apart from (A) can be done'. This is a separate grammar point that we will study a bit later.
  • 明日(あした)から(あめ)()から今日(きょう)()しかない
    Since it will start raining tomorrow, we have no choice but to go today.

同義語

例文

  • (とお)ので(くるま)()ことしかできない

    Because it is far away, you can only go by car.

    Since Verb→Noun + しかない implies inability, using の as a nominalizer cannot work here.

  • はいいいえしか()ない(ひと)(はな)しにくい

    It is difficult to talk to people who only respond with 'yes' and 'no'.

  • すみません午後(ごご)しか()いてないみたいです

    I am sorry, but it looks like there is only space open in the afternoon.

  • 冷蔵庫(れいぞうこ)牛乳(ぎゅうにゅう)しか(のこ)っていない

    There is nothing but milk in the fridge.

  • 手袋(てぶくろ)一枚(いちまい)しか()つけられない

    I can only find one glove.

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    • みんなの日本語 II

      Page 18 [CH 27]

    • Marugoto Elementary 2 (A2) Rikai

      Page 91

    • [DBJG] A Dictionary of Basic Japanese Grammar

      Page 398

    • Tae Kim's Japanese Grammar Guide

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「しか~ない 」に関する文法ディスカッション

最近の返信 (合計11件)

  • Daru

    Daru

    Because the clause does not affect you actually living there or not, but it does affect the decision of doing so. And since it’s a yes-or-no decision, it can only be positive or negative, not declaring a continuous state.

    Hope this helps!

  • CrisH

    CrisH

    Right, I see! Thanks

  • NearlyRemy

    NearlyRemy

    I’m a little confused about the comment added to the translation of this sentence:

    遠いので、車で行くことしかできない。

    Because it is far away, you can only go by car.
    [Since Verb→Noun + しかない implies inability, using の as a nominalizer cannot work here]

    I’m not sure how の acts differently here, it’s probably a misunderstanding on my part regarding the difference between the two, but at my current level of understanding I translate both options as “you can only go by car”

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