Structure
Verb + ことなく
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Formal
About ことなく
Like ないで 'without', ことなく is an expression used in Japanese following verbs that expresses (B) being done 'without (A)'. However; ことなく is used in more formal situations, and when there is some contrast between (A) and (B). This may appear in one of two ways, which we will discuss in a moment.
ことなく is a mix of こと, and なく, the adverbial form of ない. It will follow the dictionary form of verbs.
The first contrastive use of ことなく illustrates that (A) is something negative, to which (B) should be done as a preventative measure, or was able to be done while avoiding (A).
The second use of ことなく highlights when (A) is something that was or would be wished for, but unfortunately (B) happened without it being realized. In this way, (A) is frequently some kind of unmet desire.
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Examples
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何ごとも理解されることなく終わる。
It will end without me understanding anything.
真実を知ることなく終わる。
It will end without me knowing the truth.
遅れることなく到着した。
To arrive without being late.
耕すことなく種を植えても、うまくいくはずがない。
Without tilling, even if you plant seeds, there is no way it will turn out well.
うちの子には、散らかすことなく遊ぶという特技があります。
Our child has a special skill where they can play without leaving things untidy.
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ことなく
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ことなく compared with ないで
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完全マスター N2
page 129
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