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Grammar Info
N1 Lesson 3: 1/17
すら
even
Sometimes you can encounter 「すらさえ」in song lyrics, which is used to emphasize すら more. However, this should be avoided as it is not a common expression.
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Structure
Noun + (Particle)+
すら
(
も
)
Structure Legend
Structure Legend
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Bunpro
English
Japanese
Example
Verb
plain form
終止形
立つ 立った 立たない 立たなかった
Verb[る]
dictionary form / non-past form
辞書形
立つ
Verb[stem]
masu stem / conjuctive / continuative form
連用形
立ち
Verb[た]
ta form / past form
た形 / 過去形
立った
Verb[ない]
nai form / non-past negative form
ない形 / 否定形
立たない
Verb[ない]
nai stem form
未然形
立た
Verb[て]
te form
て形
立って
Verb[よう]
volitional form
意向形/推量形
立とう
Verb[potential]
potential form
可能系
立てる
Verb[passive]
passive form
受身形
立たれる
Verb[causative]
causative form
使役形
立たせる
Verb[ば]
ba-form / conditional form
条件形/仮定形
立てば
V(る1)
ru verb / ichidan verb
一段動詞
見る
V(る5)
u verb with ru ending / godan verb with ru ending
五段動詞
座る
V(う)
u verb / godan verb with u ending
五段動詞
歌う
V(く)
godan verb with ku ending
歩く
V(す)
godan verb with su ending
話す
V(つ)
godan verb with tsu ending
立つ
V(ぬ)
godan verb with nu ending
死ぬ
V(ぶ)
godan verb with bu ending
飛ぶ
V(む)
godan verb with mu ending
休む
V(ぐ)
godan verb with gu ending
泳ぐ
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Joining and Nesting Markers:
Verb[た/る] - means that dictionary form and ta form are accepted.
Verb[causative[て]] - means て form of the causative form of the verb.
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Formal
使用域
硬い
Information
[すら is used to give an extreme example for which something is the case, and by the same logic - applies to other elements in the group]
[すら is interchangeable with さえ, though it is a more formal, literary expression and cannot be used in the
さえ〜ば
construction]
[Often used in negative contexts]
Notes
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Translation
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記事(きじ)
:「カラスは道具(どうぐ)を使用(しよう)
する
能力(のうりょく)を示(しめ)したこと
すら
あります。」
Article
: "Crows have
even
demonstrated the ability to use tools."
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南極大陸(なんきょくたいりく)では
夏(なつ)
で
すら
気温(きおん)
が0
度(ど)
以下(いか)で
ある
。
In Antarctica, temperatures are below zero
even
in summer.
[The particle used with すら depends on the verb. ですら is generally used where one would expect a が or an を particle.]
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マンガの迷(まよ)った主人公(しゅじんこう)
:「何日(なんにち)たったの
か
すら
...」
A lost manga protagonist
: "I don’t
even
(know) how many days have passed…"
[すら can be used after か in embedded questions]
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Online
さえ, すら, and だに
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Further breakdown and examples
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Examples and breakdown
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