連絡先（れんらくさき）どころか本名（ほんみょう）<strong>すら</strong>知（し）らないなんて、本当（ほんとう）に彼女（かのじょ）とは友達（ともだち）なんですか...？

あんなに元気（げんき）だった祖母（そぼ）が今（いま）は家（いえ）の中（なか）の掃除（そうじ）<strong>すら</strong>出来（でき）ないと聞（き）き、老（お）いる事（こと）に恐怖（きょうふ）を感（かん）じています。

まだ平仮名（ひらがな）や片仮名（かたかな）<strong>すら</strong>うろ覚（おぼ）えなのに日本語（にほんご）能力（のうりょく）試験（しけん）を受（う）けるのは無理（むり）があります。

小学生（しょうがくせい）<span class='chui'>で</span><strong>すら</strong>出来（でき）るような掛（か）け算（ざん）九九（くく）の計算（けいさん）を間違（まちが）えてしまい、大恥（おおはじ）をかいた。

<span class='name-highlight'>マンガの迷（まよ）った主人公（しゅじんこう）</span>：「何日（なんにち）たったの<span class='chui'>か</span><strong>すら</strong>...」

<span class='name-highlight'>ノベル、語（かた）り<span class='vocab-popout' data-vocab-id='598'>手（て）</span></span>：「負傷（ふしょう）により、<span class='gp-popout vocab-popout' data-gp-id='26' data-vocab-id='981'>走（はし）る</span>どころか<span class='vocab-popout' data-vocab-id='215'>ベッド</span>から立（た）ち<span class='vocab-popout' data-vocab-id='263'>上（あ）がる</span>こと<strong>すら</strong><span class='chui'>も</span>できない。」

<span class='name-highlight'>ノベル、語（かた）り<span class='vocab-popout' data-vocab-id='598'>手（て）</span></span>：「<span class='vocab-popout' data-vocab-id='416'>友達（ともだち）</span>どころか<span class='vocab-popout' data-vocab-id='515'>家族（かぞく）</span><span class='chui'>に</span><strong>すら</strong><span class='vocab-popout' data-vocab-id='962'>説明（せつめい）</span>せずに旅（たび）に出（で）た。」

<span class='name-highlight'>ビジュアルノベル、キャラクターの紹介（しょうかい）</span>：「牧瀬（まきせ）紅莉栖（くりす）。<span class='vocab-popout' data-vocab-id='502'>子供（こども）</span><span class='chui'>で</span><strong>すら</strong>知（し）っている、<span class='gp-popout vocab-popout' data-gp-id='30' data-vocab-id='91'>この</span>世界的（せかいてき）<span class='vocab-popout' data-vocab-id='841'>研究者（けんきゅうしゃ）</span>。」

イギリスに十年（じゅうねん）も住（す）んでいて日常（にちじょう）会話（かいわ）<strong>すら</strong>出来（でき）ないなんて、今（いま）までどうやって生活（せいかつ）をしていたの...？

ネイティブ<span class='chui'>で</span><strong>すら</strong>満点（まんてん）を取（と）ることが出来（でき）ない試験（しけん）を作（つく）るなんて、この言語（げんご）能力（のうりょく）試験（しけん）の制作（せいさく）者（しゃ）は一体（いったい）何（なに）を考（かんが）えているのだろうか...。

<span class='name-highlight'>記事（きじ）</span>：「カラスは道具（どうぐ）を使用（しよう）<span class='vocab-popout' data-vocab-id='138'>する</span>能力（のうりょく）を示（しめ）したこと<strong>すら</strong>あります。」

南極大陸（なんきょくたいりく）では<span class='vocab-popout' data-vocab-id='454'>夏（なつ）</span><span class='chui'>で</span><strong>すら</strong><span class='vocab-popout' data-vocab-id='739'>気温（きおん）</span>が0<span class='vocab-popout' data-vocab-id='551'>度（ど）</span>以下（いか）で<span class='vocab-popout' data-vocab-id='676'>ある</span>。

<div class='writeup-body'><span class='gp-popout' data-gp-id='787'>すら</span> is an <span class='info-highlight' data-term='副助詞・ふくじょし'>adverbial particle</span> in Japanese that basically translates as 'even'. The primary difference between it and も is that <span class='gp-popout' data-gp-id='787'>すら</span> tends to present far more extreme examples to which a specific rule applies, and therefore also applies to all other less extreme examples. In most cases <span class='gp-popout' data-gp-id='787'>すら</span> will be used with a negative nuance.<br>
As <span class='gp-popout' data-gp-id='787'>すら</span> is an adverbial particle, it will be seen directly after nouns, or nouns followed by case-marking particles.
<ul class='writeup-examples--holder'>
<li class='writeup-example'>
<div class='writeup-example--japanese'>
鉛筆（えんぴつ）<span class='gp-popout' data-gp-id='787'>すら</span>持（も）ってきてないの？本当（ほんとう）にやる気（き）あるの？</div><div class='writeup-example--english'>
You didn't even bring a pencil? Do you actually want to do this?</div></li><li class='writeup-example'><div class='writeup-example--japanese'>


子供（こども）で<span class='gp-popout' data-gp-id='787'>すら</span>できることをできないのか。お前（まえ）よくここまで生（い）きてこれたな。</div><div class='writeup-example--english'>
You can't do what even a child can do. How have you managed to live this long?</div></li><li class='writeup-example'><div class='writeup-example--japanese'>


彼（かれ）に<span class='gp-popout' data-gp-id='787'>すら</span>話（はな）してないのに、親（おや）と話（はな）すわけがない。</div><div class='writeup-example--english'>
I haven't talked to my boyfriend about it, there is no way I'm telling my parents.</div></li></ul>
<span class='gp-popout' data-gp-id='787'>すら</span> may also be followed by も in order to emphasize the point even further.
<ul class='writeup-examples--holder'>
<li class='writeup-example'>
<div class='writeup-example--japanese'>
ガラケー<span class='gp-popout' data-gp-id='787'>すらも</span>使（つか）えないのに、パソコンが使（つか）えるわけないじゃん。</div><div class='writeup-example--english'>
I can't even use a flip phone, there is no way I can use a computer.</div></li></ul>


<div class='writeup-caution'><div class='caution-header'>Caution</div>
<span class='gp-popout' data-gp-id='787'>すら</span> and さえ are relatively similar in terms of strength. However, <span class='gp-popout' data-gp-id='787'>すら</span> is more formal and cannot be used in the さえ～ば construction. <span class='gp-popout' data-gp-id='787'>すら</span> also tends to be the most extreme example from within a large group, while さえ places more emphasis on a specific individual.
<ul class='writeup-examples--holder'>
<li class='writeup-example'>
<div class='writeup-example--japanese'>
そこ<span class='gp-popout' data-gp-id='248'>さえ</span>乗（の）り越（こ）えれば、あとは楽（らく）になるよ。</div><div class='writeup-example--english'> 
If you can overcome that, everything will be a breeze.</div></li><li class='writeup-example'><div class='writeup-example--japanese'>


そんなこと<span class='gp-popout' data-gp-id='248'>さえ</span>乗（の）り越（こ）えることができないのなら、この先（さき）何（なに）もできませんよ。</div><div class='writeup-example--english'> 
If you can't even overcome something so simple, you won't be able to do anything beyond this point.</div></li></ul></div>
<div class='writeup-funfact'><div class='funfact-header'>Fun Fact</div>は, も, さえ, and すら are all <span class='info-highlight' data-term='副助詞・ふくじょし'>adverbial particles</span> that share a linear relationship in regards to the way that they are used. This relationship refers to the intensity of how (A) fits into a group. This can be imagined as follows.<br>
(A) は - (A) is as expected, and there is nothing surprising about it.<br>
(A) も - (A) also fits the category of the main topic (は), but may or may not be surprising.<br>
(A) さえ - (A) also fits the category of the main topic (は), but is quite surprising when examined individually.<br>
(A) すら - (A) also fits the category of the main topic (は), but is the most extreme example possible, thus implying that anything below that level also applies.</div></div>