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Grammar Info
N2 Lesson 7: 10/21
ねばなら + ぬ
must, have to, should
Rarely used in modern Japanese; mostly used in literature
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Examples
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Structure
Casual
Formal
Verb[
ない
]
+
ね
ば
ならない
Exceptions:
する
→
せ
ね
ば
ならない
Verb[
ない
]
+
ね
ば
なりません
Exceptions:
する
→
せ
ね
ば
なりません
Structure Legend
Structure Legend
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English
Japanese
Example
Verb
plain form
終止形
立つ 立った 立たない 立たなかった
Verb[る]
dictionary form / non-past form
辞書形
立つ
Verb[stem]
masu stem / conjuctive / continuative form
連用形
立ち
Verb[た]
ta form / past form
た形 / 過去形
立った
Verb[ない]
nai form / non-past negative form
ない形 / 否定形
立たない
Verb[ない]
nai stem form
未然形
立た
Verb[て]
te form
て形
立って
Verb[よう]
volitional form
意向形/推量形
立とう
Verb[potential]
potential form
可能系
立てる
Verb[passive]
passive form
受身形
立たれる
Verb[causative]
causative form
使役形
立たせる
Verb[ば]
ba-form / conditional form
条件形/仮定形
立てば
V(る1)
ru verb / ichidan verb
一段動詞
見る
V(る5)
u verb with ru ending / godan verb with ru ending
五段動詞
座る
V(う)
u verb / godan verb with u ending
五段動詞
歌う
V(く)
godan verb with ku ending
歩く
V(す)
godan verb with su ending
話す
V(つ)
godan verb with tsu ending
立つ
V(ぬ)
godan verb with nu ending
死ぬ
V(ぶ)
godan verb with bu ending
飛ぶ
V(む)
godan verb with mu ending
休む
V(ぐ)
godan verb with gu ending
泳ぐ
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Joining and Nesting Markers:
Verb[た/る] - means that dictionary form and ta form are accepted.
Verb[causative[て]] - means て form of the causative form of the verb.
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Formal
使用域
硬い
Information
[ない can be changed to ぬ]
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Japanese
Include four underscores '____' where the answer should go. Use parentheses after a kanji to add furigana, like this: 漢字(かんじ)
Answer
Answer in hiragana or katakana.
Alternate Answers
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English
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通(とお)りがかりに意識(いしき)を失(うしな)った
人(ひと)
がいたら、すぐに緊急(きんきゅう)用(よう)の
番号(ばんごう)
に連絡(れんらく)
せ
ねばならない
。
If you happen to come across a person that has lost consciousness,
you have to
immediately call an emergency phone number.
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指示(しじ)によると
日本語(にほんご)
能力(のうりょく)
試験(しけん)
にはHBの
鉛筆(えんぴつ)
を使(つか)わ
ねばならない
。
According to the instructions,
you should
use an HB pencil on the JLPT exam.
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自然(しぜん)
環境(かんきょう)は悪化(あっか)の危機(きき)にさらされているため、保護(ほご)
する
ために国際(こくさい)社会(しゃかい)が一致(いっち)して協力(きょうりょく)
せ
ねばならない
。
Because the environmental crisis is growing worse, the international community
must
join forces to protect it.
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Breakdown and additional examples
Kanshudo
Relation between ねば and なければ
Japanese Stack Exchange
Books
No page info for ねばならない
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