Structure
Verb + 以上(は)
[い]Adjective + 以上(は)
[な]Adjective + である + 以上(は)
Noun + である + 以上(は)
Details
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Formal
使用域
一般
About 以上 ②
When combined with the adverbial particle は, 以上 is frequently translated as 'since (A), (B)', 'now that (A), (B)', or 'as long as (A), (B)'. This is a formal structure that is rarely found in daily speech.
This construction may be used with verbs and い-Adjectives in their standard forms, and な-Adjectives or nouns followed by である以上は.
This construction may be used with verbs and い-Adjectives in their standard forms, and な-Adjectives or nouns followed by である以上は.
- 猫を飼うと決めた以上は、最後まで責任を持って育てないといけないと思います。Now that I have decided to keep a cat, I think that I have the responsibility to raise it until the end.
- 体調が悪い以上は、会社に来ないでください。As long as you are sick, please don't come into work.
- 有名である以上は、テレビではもちろん、SNSでも発言に気をつけなければいけません。As long as you are famous, you will have to watch what you say, not only on television, but also on social networks.
- この地域の住民である以上は、この地域のルールをしっかりと守ってもらわないと困ります。As long as you are a resident of this community, we need you to properly follow the rules of this community.
- キャプテンに選ばれた以上、結果を残すために精一杯頑張ります!Now that I have been chosen as captain, I will do my best to achieve results!
- どんなに気を付けていても、人間である以上、ミスは防げないよ。No matter how careful you are, as long as you're human, you can't avoid making mistakes.
Fun-fact - Despite the standard translations, the literal meaning of 'above and beyond (A), (B)' is also a good way to remember this grammar pattern, as it basically highlights that anything 'past', 'beyond', or 'above' (A) is what needs to be considered.
Synonyms
Examples
日本に来た以上、真剣に日本語の勉強をしたいと思います。
Now that I have come to Japan, I think I want to study Japanese seriously.
試験を受ける以上、休むことはできない。
As long as I am taking the exam, I can't rest.
親である以上は子育てを頑張るべきだ。
Since you are a parent, you should do your best to raise your child.
一定の結果を出していない以上、あなたを解任するしかありません。
Now that you aren't showing consistent results, we have no choice but to dismiss you.
都心に住んでいる以上、渋滞は避けられない。
Now that I am living in the city center, I can't avoid the traffic.
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以上
Nihongoの森
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以上 ② – Grammar Discussion
Most Recent Replies (4 in total)
Pushindawood
@Ambo100 Hey! The first 以上 was originally displayed in hiragana to make it more accessible to new users. I have changed the 以上s to be 以上① and 以上②. We are working on getting all of the page numbers of DIJG and DAJG onto the site and will push them once allocated. Cheers!
entropyofchaos
Is the usage of this with い-adjectives correct? I was taught in my class that we can’t use 以上②. Is this correct? I showed her the one example in the explanation section and she said it seemed strange. She tried to look up the grammar point in her own resources and couldn’t find anything showing it was ok except maybe when ない is used.
lisaki8
You’re right. 以上は only follows verbs (plain form) or 〜である.
The books A Dictionary of Basic Japanese Grammar and A Dictionary of Intermediate Japanese Grammar are very useful fo checking on points like this.
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