Structure
Examples:
[る¹]Verb → 見る + させられる
[す]Verb → 話す + させられる
[る⁵]Verb → 座る + らせられる
座る + らされる
[う]Verb → 歌う + わせられる
歌う + 歌わされる
[く]Verb → 歩く + かせられる
歩く + 歩かされる
[つ]Verb → 打つ + たせられる
打つ + 打たされる
[ぬ]Verb → 死ぬ + なせられる
死ぬ + 死なされる
[ぶ]Verb → 飛ぶ + ばせられる
飛ぶ + 飛ばされる
[む]Verb → 休む + ませられる
休む + 休まされる
[ぐ]Verb → 泳ぐ + がせられる
泳ぐ + 泳がされる
Exceptions:
する → させられる
くる → こさせられる
Details
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Standard
About Causative-Passive
When the auxiliary verb せる (or させる) 'to make/let do' is combined with the auxiliary verb られる 'to be the receiver of', it creates the causative-passive form of verbs in Japanese. These sentences will be from the perspective of the person who has 'been made to do' something, and are very often negative (against the will of the speaker).
First, verbs must be conjugated in the same way that they would be with せる, or させる. After that simply remove the る, and then add られる. This will create the verb form させられる (linked with る-Verbs), or せられる (linked with う-Verbs).
As with the causative form, する and 来る have special conjugation rules. する will be replaced completely by させられる, while 来る will become 来させられる.
Caution
Unlike with causative verbs, where the actual doer of a sentence (marked with が) is considered to be the person who 'caused' the action, られる reverses the perspective. This makes the doer (marked with が) the person who is being 'forced' to do something. When the person that is 'causing' the action appears in a causative-passive sentence, they will be marked with に.
- 子供の頃は兄が勉強をさせられていた。When we were still kids, my older brother was forced to study.
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子供の頃は兄に勉強をさせられていた。When we were still children, my older brother forced me to study.
Caution
れる may not be used in place of られる in causative-passive sentences. This is because せる and させる both have せ (an え sound kana) at the point where they will connect with られる. This is a rule for all verbs with an え sound kana at their conjugation point (excluding the 'potential' use of れる and られる).
Synonyms
Examples
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お腹がいっぱいなのに、ケーキを食べさせられた。
I was forced to eat the cake even though I was full.
私は兄に宿題をさせられた。
I was forced to do homework by my older brother.
どんなことをさせられたの?
What kind of things were you forced to do?
嫌なことをさせられた。
I was made to do awful things.
あまり見たくない動画を見させられたのです。
I was forced to watch a video I didn't really want to watch.
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Causative-Passive Forms
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Genki II 1st Edition
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Causative-Passive – Grammar Discussion
Most Recent Replies (27 in total)
Fuga
Hey @MakroneBiest997 !
Although both なら and たら are both used for hypothetical situations, the nuance they have is different.
Since なら is an abbreviation of ならば, it would be used to make guesses about what ‘may’ happen, or what ‘could’ happen. This means that when a sentence uses なら, that situation is most likely just hypothetical and will not be used in statements about results that are produced through effort.
Because たら is sort more in the halfway point of ‘if’ and ‘when’, the situation it is referring to could be hypothetical or it may be presenting something that has happened in the past. Due to this nuance, たら is used for situations that have a high probability of happening.
In this sentence it is implied that whatever he did already happened, since the speaker is talking to the other person by putting them in the other person’s shoes, so using たら would sound more natural.
I hope this helps!
MakroneBiest997
Thank you so much for the clarification!
This helps indeed a lot. I’m sure I got it now!
Magikarpador
yeah i feel like that shouldnt be a thing. like, following the course as intended, you straight up will not know this and will inevitable get it wrong regardless of your understanding of the base grammar point youre supposed to be quizzed on. kinda bs
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