Grammar Info
N4 Lesson 6: 8/16
~て (Reasons and Causes)
And・and so, Due to, Because of, Since, Conjunctive
Notice that Verb[て] + すみません uses this version of て
Structure
Verb[て]+ Phrase
[い]Adjective[て]+ Phrase
[な]Adjective + で + Phrase
Noun + で + Phrase
Exceptions:
いい → よくて + B
Details
Register
Standard
使用域
一般
About Verb[て] + B
To use this grammar construction, pair the て-form of a verb or い-Adjective with the (B) phrase. In the case of nouns and な-Adjectives, で (the particle) will be used instead.
- 犯人が捕まって安心です。I feel safe because the criminal got caught.
- 今日は宿題が多くて行けなかった。I couldn't go today because I had a lot of homework.
- 田舎は静かなので落ち着きます。I can relax in the countryside because it is quiet.
- 虫歯で歯が痛い。My tooth hurts because of a cavity.
(A) て 困る - Being troubled cannot be controlled, so (A) must have caused it.
(A) て 嬉しい - Being happy cannot be controlled, so (A) must have caused it.
(A) て 大変 - Having a problem cannot be controlled, so (A) must have caused it.
(A) て びっくり - Being surprised cannot be controlled, so (A) must have caused it.
(A) て 疲れている - Being worn-out cannot be controlled, so (A) must have caused it.
(A) て 心配 - Feeling anxiety cannot be controlled, so (A) must have caused it.
Many other words, such as the ones listed above will cause て (or で) to have a similar nuance. てすみません also uses this meaning of て, as すみません is a feeling that the speaker cannot control, relating to the situation being left unfinished.
Synonyms
Examples
「お菓子をたくさん食べてお腹が痛いよ。」
'I ate many sweets and I have an upset stomach!' ('I have an upset stomach because I ate many sweets')
部屋が綺麗でのんびりできます。
I can relax because the room is clean. (The room is clean and I can relax)
メアリーがアメリカに帰って悲しいです。
Mary returned to the USA and I am sad. (I am sad because Mary returned to the USA)
勇者さまは5年前に、交通事故で死んだ。
The hero died due to a car accident 5 years ago. (The hero got into a car accident 5 years ago and died)
The noun preceding で is an event (often negative) that is beyond the control of the speaker or writer. It cannot be rephrased to から or ので.
日本語能力試験に合格して嬉しかったです。
I passed the Japanese Language Proficiency Test, so I was glad.
Get more example sentences!
Premium users get access to 12 example sentences on all Grammar Points.
Self-Study Sentences
Study your own way!
Add sentences and study them alongside Bunpro sentences.
Online
Patterns and Constraints
Learn Japanese Adventure
て for reasons
Tofugu
Offline
There are no Offline resources listed for 「Verb[て] + B」.
You can . Resources are constantly updated, come back later to see new additions!
Track Resources!
Bunpro tracks all of the resources you’ve visited, and offers relevant bookmarks of physical books to help with offline tracking.
Verb[て] + B – Grammar Discussion
Most Recent Replies (16 in total)
lorenzosama
About 6 months ago
Thank you for the response. I think I sort of understand but I want to make sure I’m really getting it. I’m not sure I understand what the difference is between “because it’s raining” vs “due to the rain”. I think my understanding now is that ので should be working on full sentences but the particle で by itself can be used to add context to the verb within the sentence?
nekoyama
About 6 months ago
I don’t think there is a big difference in meaning. That’s why bunpro will not mark you wrong if you enter なので. It just asks for a different answer because it wants to make sure you remember this grammar point, and not just any way to say “because”.
electrosuccess
About 5 months ago
In example " 先週、インフルエンザに___、仕事を休んだのです。", the verb to be conjugated is “かかる”. The hint says that it’s ichidan verb. However, the correct answer is かかって, not かかて. According to jisho, it is a godan verb, so it appears that the hint is wrong. Is that right?
Got questions about Verb[て] + B? Join us to discuss, ask, and learn together!
Join the Discussion