とされているTo be considered, To be deemed, Be regarded as, Be accepted as, To be said, To be accredited with

Structure

Verb + とされている
［い］Adjective + とされている
［な］Adjective + （だ） + とされている
Noun + （だ） + とされている

Details

About とされている

とされている is an expression that is commonly translated as 'to be considered as (A)', or 'to be regarded as (A)'. Conceptually, it is similar to にする, which means 'to decide on (A)'. However, due to する being in the passive form in this construction, it is closer to 'to be decided on', and expresses the general opinions/thoughts of large groups of people.

The と in this expression is a case marking particle, and expresses the result nuance of this particle.

Caution

The main difference between と as a case marking particle and と as a conjunction particle is that the case-marking particle will always link a single word/phrase to one specific word/result. The conjunction particle on the other hand, will often be followed by a 読点(とうてん) (Japanese comma), as it is separating two distinct thoughts within the sentence, rather than just a simple 'result'.

Examples

--:--

論文(ろんぶん)：「ＷＰ(ダブリューピー)４０(よんじゅう)は使用(しよう)が多(おお)いとされている。」

Essay/article: 'WP 40 is (generally) considered to have many applications.'

論文(ろんぶん)：「ポーランド人(じん)には１３(じゅうさん)という数字(すうじ)は不吉(ふきつ)な数字(すうじ)とされている。」

Essay/article: 'The number 13 is considered unlucky by the Polish.'

論説(ろんせつ)：「ジム・モリソンの正確(せいかく)な死因(しいん)は不明(ふめい)とされているのである。」

Dissertation: 'The exact cause of Jim Morrison's death is (widely) regarded to be unknown.'

論説(ろんせつ)：「歴史的(れきしてき)に平仮名(ひらがな)は元(もと)は『女(おんな)のもの』だとされていた。」

Dissertation: 'Historically, hiragana was originally (widely) considered 'a woman's thing.''

論説(ろんせつ)：「過度(かど)のアルコール飲料(いんりょう)の摂取(せっしゅ)は多数(たすう)の病気(びょうき)の原因(げんいん)になるとされている。」

Dissertation: 'It is (generally) accepted that excessive consumption of alcohol causes numerous diseases.'

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とされている – Grammar Discussion

Most Recent Replies (17 in total)

Pushindawood
to be considered
to be deemed
be regarded as
be accepted as
Structure
- Verb + とされている
- いAdj + とされている
- なAdj + (だ) + とされている
- Noun + (だ) + とされている
[Used to express that something is thought to be true by a large number of people; widely accepted]

View on Bunpro
someone2020
What does the 硬 mean on this Grammar Point? I’m curious ^^
mrnoone
Hey

It comes from 硬い. It means that grammar is generally used in formal writing/speech.

Cheers!
Ambo100
Perhaps it would be helpful to have a explanation for those who hover over or click on that so people know.
reverie
Is removal of the “い” an option? As in conversationally it becomes
「とされてる」

or is it never done?
matt_in_mito
Yeah totally fine! However this makes it a bit more casual and when I talk to my friends they generally think of とされている as fairly formal.
ggw1776
The hints to distinguish between this grammar point and ~と考えられている really aren’t clear.
mrnoone
@ggw1776 Hey

ggw1776:

と考えられている

I am working on it
Any suggestions?
ggw1776
Sorry for the slow response! For this sentence in particular, it seems like the translation is looking for とされている, but it’s ~と考えられている. I think the translated sentence should read “The painting is thought to be the oldest ever painted by man”
CrisH
「この絵画かいがはその技法ぎほうの類似るいじによりレンブラントの作さくとされている。」
“This painting is (widely) considered to be work of Rembrandt due to the similarity in technique.”

Can I ask where the “due to” part comes from here? I thought perhaps it was the により, but there doesn’t seem to be any such grammar point on the site.
Daru

CrisH:

I thought perhaps it was the により

That’s exactly right!

I think it might be a bit harder to see because its actually two points in tandem: による and the formal conjuctive. I recommend reading the writeups for each of these, I’m sure it’ll come clear after reading them!

Hope this helps!
CrisH
I’ve had a go at responding in Japanese
ありがとう。連用形を学んだことがなくて最近たくさん勉強したときに文法の説明がないと思っています。それから説明を読んでいることがあります。

Thanks - I hadn’t come to the formal conjunctive, and the last time I did a lot of studying, I don’t think the grammar point (how would you translate ‘point’ here?) explanations were there. I’ve been reading the explanations since then.

The explanations have been really helpful for getting a feel for the points before you come across them. This bit’s in English because I can’t think of a word for ‘helpful’!
Daru

CrisH:

I can’t think of a word for ‘helpful’!

役に立てる説明と言っていいかな？
CrisH
その言葉を知ている！けど、また勉強すべきだと思っている。。
Daru
頑張り続ける限り、わからないことはない。
FredKore
This hint sounds strange. Maybe:
- It is going off the assumption that (A) is true.
- It assumes (A) is true.
- (Or just remove that line – the hint works without it – “(A) is true” doesn’t trigger the memory of any grammar point.)
CrisH
私もそのためにここにきました！その点は文法点の説明に含みありません。その結果、思い出すとは手伝いません。私の日本語を是正してください！

また、例の一つは「WP40」を口にする。しかし、「WP40」とは煙の手榴弾だって「WD40」とは石油に基づいた潤滑剤です！
Summary
I came here to mention this! It’s not mentioned in the details for the grammar point. As a result, it doesn’t help you remember.
Also, one of the examples mentions WP40, but WP40 is a smoke grenade while WD40 is an oil-based lubricant!
FredKore
Huh. 11 months later and still there.