Grammar Info

N3 Lesson 10: 19/20

は～となっている

It is (has been), Have/has become, Happen to be, Has been established

Structure

［な］Adjective + となっている
Noun + となっている

Details

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    硬い

About ～は～となっている

(A) は (B) となっている is a common expression used to show that '(A) is becoming (B)', or (more commonly) '(A) has become (B)'. This expression will only appear with nouns, or な-Adjectives in their 語幹(ごかん) (stem form). (A) は (B) となっている is often translated as '(A) happens to be (B)', '(A) has been established as (B)', or 'it has been decided that (A) is (B)'.
Let's have a look at some examples, and then how this structure is formed.
  • 鬼滅(きめつ)の刃(やいば)は非常(ひじょう)に人気(にんき)となっている。
    It happens to be that Demon Slayer is very popular.
  • 日本(にほん)ではドラッグは法律上(ほうりつじょう)、違法(いほう)となっている。
    In Japan, it has been established that drugs are illegal, by law.
  • このプールでは、飛(と)び込(こ)みが禁止(きんし)となっている。
    At this pool, it happens to be that jumping in is not allowed.
Despite the different translations, (A) は (B) となっている always has the same meaning, which can be understood as follows:
(A) は - (A) is a constant unchanging thing.
(B) と - (B) is a result. (coming from the case marking particle と's role in highlighting results.)
なっている - (A) is existing in the state 'having arrived at the result of (B)'.
  • 今(いま)の時代(じだい)にはインターネットは必要(ひつよう)となっている。
    It is now that the internet is necessary in the present age.
  • この高校(こうこう)ではアルバイトが禁止(きんし)となっている。
    It is now that working part-time at this school is prohibited.
Due to this, the literal translation may be thought of as 'it is now that (A) is (B)' in almost all situations.
Caution
(A) は (B) となっている may be rephrased to (A) は (B) になっている. However, に will remove much of the feeling of a 'result', or 'finality'. Due to this, it will just sound like (A) is becoming (B), but is not necessarily that way yet.
  • 今(いま)の時代(じだい)にはインターネットは必要(ひつよう)になっている。
    It is now that the internet is becoming necessary in the present age.
Caution
In writing, おる is not always considered a 'formal' equivalent of いる, especially in set phrases. となっている is often seen as となっており, instead of となっていて. This is particularly common in news articles.
  • このイベントは来月(らいげつ)5日(か)からとなっており、明日(あした)から前(まえ)売(う)り券(けん)を買(か)うことができる。
    It is now that next month's event from the 5th has pre-order tickets that are purchasable from tomorrow.

Examples

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    いくつかの州(しゅう)では21才(さい)未満(みまん)の子供(こども)たちや若者(わかもの)がアルコールを消費(しょうひ)することは違法(いほう)となっている。

    In some states, it has been established that the consumption of alcohol by children and young adults under 21 is illegal.

    フランツ・フェルディナント大公(たいこう)の暗殺(あんさつ)が開戦(かいせん)の原因(げんいん)の一(ひと)つとなっている。

    The assassination of Archduke Franz Ferdinand has been established as one of the causes of war.

    アメリカをはじめとして、電気(でんき)は主要(しゅよう)な光源(こうげん)となっている。

    Starting with the USA, electricity has become the main source of light.

    中国(ちゅうごく)では男性(だんせい)の女性(じょせい)に対(たい)する割合(わりあい)は１１８対(たい)１００となっている。

    The proportion of men to women in China happens to be 118 to 100.

    納期限(のうきげん)は４月(がつ)３１日(にち)までとなっています。

    The due date of the tax payment has been established as April 31st.

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～は～となっている – Grammar Discussion

Most Recent Replies (6 in total)

  • okayfrog

    okayfrog

    <...
  • nekoyama

    nekoyama

    The grammar point for the formal conjunctive is a bit earlier in N3, but いる is a special case: It’s not used in this form and instead replaced with おる.

  • okayfrog

    okayfrog

    oh that grammar point. tbh, I never really understood that point.

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