Structure
Verb + とされている
[い]Adjective + とされている
[な]Adjective + (だ) + とされている
Noun + (だ) + とされている
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Standard
使用域
一般
About とされている
とされている is an expression that is commonly translated as 'to be considered as (A)', or 'to be regarded as (A)'. Conceptually, it is similar to にする, which means 'to decide on (A)'. However, due to する being in the passive form in this construction, it is closer to 'to be decided on', and expresses the general opinions/thoughts of large groups of people.
The と in this expression is a case marking particle, and expresses the result nuance of this particle.
The と in this expression is a case marking particle, and expresses the result nuance of this particle.
- 今の時代にはインターネットが必要だとされている。In current times, the internet is widely considered to be necessary.
- これは二コラテスラが発明したものだとされている。This is considered to be something invented by Nikola Tesla.
Caution
The main difference between と as a case marking particle and と as a conjunction particle is that the case-marking particle will always link a single word/phrase to one specific word/result. The conjunction particle on the other hand, will often be followed by a 読点 (Japanese comma), as it is separating two distinct thoughts within the sentence, rather than just a simple 'result'.- 水は氷となる。Water becomes ice. (As a result of transformation, water will be ice)
- 温度が0度になると、水は氷となる。If the temperature is 0 degrees, it results in water becoming ice.
Examples
論文:「ポーランド人には13という数字は不吉な数字とされている。」
Essay/article: 'The number 13 is considered unlucky by the Polish.'
論説:「甘味料はガンの原因にならないとされているが、更に研究が必要である。」
Dissertation: 'Sweeteners are deemed to not be the source of cancer, but more research is needed.'
論説:「ジャズは時間がたつとともに『悪魔の音楽』というより『アメリカのクラシックの音楽』とされているようになった。」
Dissertation: 'With time, jazz came to be widely accepted as 'America's classical music' rather than 'the music of the devil'.'
語学学校のサイト:「外国語を学ぼうとする際に最も大切とされているのは毎日欠かさず学ぶこと、すなわち継続です。」
Language school website: 'When learning a foreign language the thing that is considered the most important is studying without missing a single day, that is - continuity.'
論説:「ジム・モリソンの正確な死因は不明とされているのである。」
Dissertation: 'The exact cause of Jim Morrison's death is (widely) regarded to be unknown.'
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とされている – Grammar Discussion
Most Recent Replies (17 in total)
FredKore
This hint sounds strange. Maybe:
- It is going off the assumption that (A) is true.
- It assumes (A) is true.
- (Or just remove that line – the hint works without it – “(A) is true” doesn’t trigger the memory of any grammar point.)
CrisH
私もそのためにここにきました!その点は文法点の説明に含みありません。その結果、思い出すとは手伝いません。私の日本語を是正してください!
また、例の一つは「WP40」を口にする。しかし、「WP40」とは煙の手榴弾だって「WD40」とは石油に基づいた潤滑剤です!
SummaryI came here to mention this! It’s not mentioned in the details for the grammar point. As a result, it doesn’t help you remember.
Also, one of the examples mentions WP40, but WP40 is a smoke grenade while WD40 is an oil-based lubricant!FredKore
Huh. 11 months later and still there.
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