Structure
［な］Adjective + となっている
Noun + となっている
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Formal
About ～は～となっている
(A) は (B) となっている is a common expression used to show that '(A) is becoming (B)', or (more commonly) '(A) has become (B)'. This expression will only appear with nouns, or な-Adjectives in their 語幹 (stem form). (A) は (B) となっている is often translated as '(A) happens to be (B)', '(A) has been established as (B)', or 'it has been decided that (A) is (B)'.
Let's have a look at some examples, and then how this structure is formed.
Despite the different translations, (A) は (B) となっている always has the same meaning, which can be understood as follows:
(A) は - (A) is a constant unchanging thing.
(B) と - (B) is a result. (coming from the case marking particle と's role in highlighting results.)
なっている - (A) is existing in the state 'having arrived at the result of (B)'.
Due to this, the literal translation may be thought of as 'it is now that (A) is (B)' in almost all situations.
Caution
(A) は (B) となっている may be rephrased to (A) は (B) になっている. However, に will remove much of the feeling of a 'result', or 'finality'. Due to this, it will just sound like (A) is becoming (B), but is not necessarily that way yet.- 今の時代にはインターネットは必要になっている。It is now that the internet is becoming necessary in the present age.
Caution
In writing, おる is not always considered a 'formal' equivalent of いる, especially in set phrases. となっている is often seen as となっており, instead of となっていて. This is particularly common in news articles.
- このイベントは来月５日からとなっており、明日から前売り券を買うことができる。It is now that next month's event from the 5th has pre-order tickets that are purchasable from tomorrow.
Examples
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納期限は４月３１日までとなっています。
The due date of the tax payment has been established as April 31st.
アメリカをはじめとして、電気は主要な光源となっている。
Starting with the USA, electricity has become the main source of light.
中国では男性の女性に対する割合は１１８対１００となっている。
The proportion of men to women in China happens to be 118 to 100.
フランツ・フェルディナント大公の暗殺が開戦の原因の一つとなっている。
The assassination of Archduke Franz Ferdinand has been established as one of the causes of war.
それが標準となっていて他の方法はほとんど使用されない。
That has become a standard, and other methods are hardly used.
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～は～となっている – Grammar Discussion
Most Recent Replies (6 in total)
okayfrog
<...
nekoyama
The grammar point for the formal conjunctive is a bit earlier in N3, but いる is a special case: It’s not used in this form and instead replaced with おる.
okayfrog
oh that grammar point. tbh, I never really understood that point.
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