Grammar Info

N4 Lesson 10: 16/18

とされているTo be considered, To be deemed, Be regarded as, Be accepted as, To be said, To be accredited with

Structure

Verb + とされている
［い］Adjective + とされている
［な］Adjective + （だ） + とされている
Noun + （だ） + とされている

Details

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About とされている

とされている is an expression that is commonly translated as 'to be considered as (A)', or 'to be regarded as (A)'. Conceptually, it is similar to にする, which means 'to decide on (A)'. However, due to する being in the passive form in this construction, it is closer to 'to be decided on', and expresses the general opinions/thoughts of large groups of people.

The と in this expression is a case marking particle, and expresses the result nuance of this particle.

Caution

The main difference between と as a case marking particle and と as a conjunction particle is that the case-marking particle will always link a single word/phrase to one specific word/result. The conjunction particle on the other hand, will often be followed by a 読点(とうてん) (Japanese comma), as it is separating two distinct thoughts within the sentence, rather than just a simple 'result'.

Examples

--:--

    論文(ろんぶん)：「ＷＰ(ダブリューピー)４０(よんじゅう)は使用(しよう)が多(おお)いとされている。」

    Essay/article: 'WP 40 is (generally) considered to have many applications.'

    論文(ろんぶん)：「ポーランド人(じん)には１３(じゅうさん)という数字(すうじ)は不吉(ふきつ)な数字(すうじ)とされている。」

    Essay/article: 'The number 13 is considered unlucky by the Polish.'

    論説(ろんせつ)：「ジム・モリソンの正確(せいかく)な死因(しいん)は不明(ふめい)とされているのである。」

    Dissertation: 'The exact cause of Jim Morrison's death is (widely) regarded to be unknown.'

    論説(ろんせつ)：「歴史的(れきしてき)に平仮名(ひらがな)は元(もと)は『女(おんな)のもの』だとされていた。」

    Dissertation: 'Historically, hiragana was originally (widely) considered 'a woman's thing.''

    論説(ろんせつ)：「過度(かど)のアルコール飲料(いんりょう)の摂取(せっしゅ)は多数(たすう)の病気(びょうき)の原因(げんいん)になるとされている。」

    Dissertation: 'It is (generally) accepted that excessive consumption of alcohol causes numerous diseases.'

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