Structure
Verb (A) + し + (Verb (B) + し)
[い]Adjective (A) + し + ([い]Adjective (B) + し)
[な]Adjective (A) + だ + し + ([な]Adjective (B) + だ + し)
Noun (A) + だ + し + (Noun (B) + だ + し)
Details
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Standard
使用域
一般
About し~し
し may be connected to the end of almost any word, but will require a だ before it when it comes after nouns or な-Adjectives. し will follow every 'reason' that is being listed in a sentence. However, the last し may be replaced with から or ので, before the 'result' is stated.
- 彼女はピアノが弾けるし、スポーツができるし、彼女に出来ないことはないと思う。She can play the piano and she can do sports. I think there isn't anything she can't do.
- このレストランは高いし、まずいし、何もいいところがない。This restaurant is expensive and doesn't taste good. There are no good parts.
- 彼は真面目だし、親切だし、彼と友達でよかった。He is serious and nice. I am glad that he is my friend.
- 今日は休みだし、晴れだし、今日は公園に行こう。Today is my day off, and it's sunny, so let's go to the park.
- 昨日は雨が降ってたし、おばあちゃんも亡くなったし、悲しいな。It was raining yesterday and my grandmother also passed away, so I'm sad. (Unnatural Japanese, as the level of sadness between losing your grandmother, and it being a rainy day would be completely different)
Synonyms
とか~とか
Among other things, For example, Such as
Not studied yet
上に
As well, Besides, In addition to
Not studied yet
から
Because, Since
Not studied yet
ので
Because, So, Since, The reason being
Not studied yet
Verb[て] + B
And・and so, Due to, Because of, Since, Conjunctive
Not studied yet
Adjective + て + B
And..., Both and (Conjunctive)
Not studied yet
Examples
彼は掃除ができるし、料理も作れるし、結婚してよかった。
He can clean and cook. I am glad that I married him.
この赤が可愛いし、デザインがいいし、この帽子を買いたい。
This red is cute and the design is good. I want to buy this hat!
彼女は親切だし、綺麗だし、本当に大好き。
She is kind and beautiful. I really love her.
この近所は治安がいいし、スーパーが近いし、人が優しいからここに住んでみたい。
This neighborhood is safe and the store is close and the people are nice, so I wouldn't mind living here.
僕は全然やりたくないし、やることが多すぎるし、諦めようと思っています。
I have absolutely no desire to do it and there are too many things to do, (so) I am thinking about giving up.
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Online
How to use 〜し
MaggieSensei
Partial list of reasons
Tae Kim
Offline
Genki II 1st Edition
Page 11
みんなの日本語 II
Page 24 [CH 28]
Genki II 2nd Edition
Page 31
Marugoto Elementary 2 (A2) Rikai
Page 66
[DBJG] A Dictionary of Basic Japanese Grammar
Page 395
Tae Kim's Japanese Grammar Guide
Page 112
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