Grammar Info

N3 Lesson 1: 16/22

事(こと)だShould, Ought

Structure

Verb［る］ + こと + だ
Verb［ない］ + こと + だ

Details

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About ことだ

As a sentence ending particle, こと has two primary functions. These are as follows:

願望(がんぼう)や軽(かる)い命令(めいれい)を表(あらわ)す - Highlighting a desire or weak command.

感嘆(かんたん)や疑問(ぎもん)を表(あらわ)す - Highlighting astonishment or doubt.

We will focus on the first meaning in this grammar point, as the 'astonishment' nuance is not as commonly used in modern Japanese, and is primarily used only by women.

At the end of a sentence, こと will be paired with the dictionary (or ない) form of a verb, to highlight a particular action that either should, or should not occur. It is usually grouped with the auxiliary verb だ, although this is not always the case. This construction is most often translated as 'should/should not (A)', or 'ought to/not (A)'.

Caution

This use of こと implies a certain level of 'authority', and is therefore regularly used in relation to set rules and expectations (can very frequently be seen on signs in shops/parks, etc). Due to this, it should not be used when giving 'general' advice, especially to people of higher status.

Antonyms

Related

Examples

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    今回(こんかい)は、相手(あいて)を信(しん)じてみる事(こと)だ。

    I think you ought to trust him/her this time.

    生徒(せいと)は、先生(せんせい)に従(したが)う事(こと)だ。

    Students should obey their teachers.

    大事(だいじ)なのは医者(いしゃ)からもらった薬(くすり)を飲(の)む事(こと)だ。

    What is important, is that you should take the medicine the doctor gave you.

    まずはやってみる事(こと)だ。改善点(かいぜんてん)が見(み)えてくるから。

    You ought to try it first because you'll find out what needs to be improved.

    覚(おぼ)えたらすぐにしゃべってみる事(こと)だ。上達(じょうたつ)するから。

    As soon as you memorize something, you ought to say it out loud. If you do that, you will get better.

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ことだ – Grammar Discussion

Most Recent Replies (8 in total)

  • mrnoone

    mrnoone

    should, ought to

    Verb[ る ] + ことだ
    Verb[ ない ] + ことだ

    View on Bunpro

  • Elibean

    Elibean

    Hello! What’s the difference between this and “beki”? Thank you!

  • gyroninja

    gyroninja

    ことだ
    This grammar point is a combination of こと and だ.

    [Authoritative; used by someone of higher status/power/attitude]

    [ことだ is used when giving indirect advice]

    べき
    べき originates from the conjugative form of べし, an auxiliary verb that attaches to the plain form of a verb, but 〜べき it can be like a noun since it can be followed by だ/です.

    Unlike ことだ it doesn’t attatch to the negative form of verbs. Instead you can do something like …べきじゃない.

    [Used to express a strong sense that doing something is generally a correct thing to do, an obligation, a duty, etc.]

    [Much stronger than した方がいい]

  • Elibean

    Elibean

    説明してくれてありがとうございます！So ~ことだ is more authorative in use than “べき”, basically? And can also be used for giving indirect advice. Did I get it right?

  • mrnoone

    mrnoone

    @Elibean
    To sum it up, べきだ usually expresses general obligation so it sounds more authorative, while ことだ usually expresses personal advice/warning.

    Cheers!

  • Yuna2020

    Yuna2020

    And what about the grammar in this form? I can’t find it in Bunpro

    Nは〜こと、〜ことだ

  • CursedKitsune

    CursedKitsune

    Why is the copula required in this lesson? Why isn’t just すること taught/accepted as an answer/bounced back?

  • domi650

    domi650

    Hey, I just had this grammar point and when reviewing it “ことです” has been marked as wrong. This is weird because it is displayed as the polite equivalent to ことだ, there should at least be a warning that the casual version is wanted in that specific sentence.

  • mekomori

    mekomori

    no i like agree with this so much because the amount of times i am ONE hiragana character off and it marks me wrong, like damn, im so sorry i missed the な or よ particle

    like damn, i understand particles are important but god, at least I remembered the kanji

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