Structure
Verb (A) + し + (Verb (B) + し)
[い]Adjective (A) + し + ([い]Adjective (B) + し)
[な]Adjective (A) + だ + し + ([な]Adjective (B) + だ + し)
Noun (A) + だ + し + (Noun (B) + だ + し)
Details
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Standard
About し~し
Like て, し is a conjunction particle. This means that it is used for linking the (A) and (B) parts of a sentence, and describing that link in some way. The 'description' that し will highlight is 'reasons'. Regularly it is translated simply as 'and'.
し may be connected to the end of almost any word, but will require a だ before it when it comes after nouns or な-Adjectives. し will follow every 'reason' that is being listed in a sentence. However, the last し may be replaced with から or ので, before the 'result' is stated.
Using し will indicate that each 'reason' being listed is of equal weight/importance. Because of this, it would not be appropriate to use in sentences where one of the reasons clearly far outweighs everything else.
Fun Fact
In all of its uses, し indicates things that are 矛盾無く共存する, which basically means 'things that coexist, without contradicting each other'. This is the primary reason why each thing listed must be of equal importance (in terms of the overall story that the speaker is trying to convey).
Synonyms
とか~とか
Among other things, For example, Such as
Not studied yet
上に
As well, Besides, In addition to
Not studied yet
から
Because, Since
Not studied yet
ので
Because, So, Since, The reason being
Not studied yet
Verb[て] + B
And・and so, Due to, Because of, Since, Conjunctive
Not studied yet
Adjective + て + B
And..., Both and (Conjunctive)
Not studied yet
Examples
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彼は掃除ができるし、料理も作れるし、結婚してよかった。
He can clean and cook (among other things). I am glad that I married him.
この赤が可愛いし、デザインがいいし、この帽子を買いたい。
This red is cute and the design is good (among other things). I want to buy this hat!
彼女は親切だし、綺麗だし、本当に大好き。
She is kind and beautiful (among other things). I really love her.
この近所は治安がいいし、スーパーが近いし、人が優しいからここに住んでみたい。
This neighborhood is safe and the store is close and the people are nice, so I wouldn't mind living here.
僕は全然やりたくないし、やることが多すぎるし、諦めようと思っています。
I have absolutely no desire to do it and there are too many things to do (among other things), (so) I am thinking about giving up.
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Online
How to use 〜し
MaggieSensei
Partial list of reasons
Tae Kim
Offline
Genki II 1st Edition
Page 11
みんなの日本語 II
Page 24 [CH 28]
Genki II 2nd Edition
Page 31
Marugoto Elementary 2 (A2) Rikai
Page 66
[DBJG] A Dictionary of Basic Japanese Grammar
Page 395
Tae Kim's Japanese Grammar Guide
Page 112
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し~し – Grammar Discussion
Most Recent Replies (1 in total)
modboy
Many of the し ~ し sentences contain: (among other things). I can kind of see that this could be implied but it’s not clear, to me, in the grammar description.
彼女は親切だし、綺麗だし、本当に大好き。
She is kind and beautiful (among other things). I really love her.So I keep getting this mixed with とか-とか.
So does し imply among other things?
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