Structure
Verb［た］(*) + Noun
Verb［ている］(*) + Noun
(*) Only verbs in short (plain) form can modify nouns. Do not use polite-ます.
Details
Part of Speech
Expression
Word Type
Noun
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Standard
About Verb［た・ている］+ Noun
In Japanese, if you want to describe something or someone that is performing an action, one of the ways you can do this is through a relative clause. A relative clause is when two phrases are joined into one sentence, rather than two individual sentences. The た (plain-past), or ている (continuous) form of verbs are usually used.
る-Verbs and う-Verbs follow their regular conjugation rules when making a relative clause. In the first example, we can see that 'Takashi-san is a man that lived in Tokyo', is one sentence, rather than 'Takashi-san is a man. He lived in Tokyo'. In English, words like 'that', and 'which' are used to create a relative clause. However, seeing as though these words do not exist in Japanese, the first phrase is simply attached to the noun.
Caution
The ます (polite) forms of verbs may not be used when making a relative clause.
Related
Misc.
Examples
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洗った服。
Washed clothes.
たくさん勉強をした生徒。
A student who studied a lot.
日本に住んでいる外国人。
A foreigner living in Japan.
友達から借りたペン。
A pen borrowed from a friend.
私が作った椅子。
A chair I made.
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How to make "Relative Clause"
Masa Sensei [Youtube]
How to modify a noun in Japanese
MaggieSensei
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[DBJG] A Dictionary of Basic Japanese Grammar
Page 9 & 376
Genki I 2nd Edition
Page 213
Genki II 1st Edition
Page 56
Genki II 2nd Edition
Page 80
Tae Kim's Japanese Grammar Guide
Page 63
Tobira
Page 70
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Verb［た・ている］+ Noun – Grammar Discussion
Most Recent Replies (29 in total)
nospimi99
So the first example sentence they give is
たかしさんは東京に住んだ男
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- How come there’s an ん between the 住 and だ?
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- The page is all about the “た + Nouns” so why is it a だ instead of た?
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Pablunpro
Hi!
This grammar point may give you the reason for both. Bear in mind that the verb is 住む.
HTH!
ihatethislanguage
It says “Verb［た］+ Noun” but what it actually means is the た-form of the verb + noun.
For Godan verbs, this is how you conjugate them into their た-form:Verb Ending た-form う, つ, る → った む, ぶ, ぬ → んだ く → いた ぐ → いだ す → した
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