Grammar Info

N2 Lesson 9: 1/23

更(さら)にEven more or further, Again, More and more

Structure

さらに + Phrase

Details

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About 更に

更(さら)に is word that is often used adverbially in Japanese to convey the meaning of 'more and more', 'even more than (A)', or 'again'. This use is an extension of the base meaning that the kanji 更(さら) has in indicating that something is 'approaching change'. Because of this, the expression used following 更(さら)に will always be something that is either further along than the initial statement either in regard to time, quantity, or volume. Taking this into consideration, 'in addition to (A)' may also be used as a fairly standard translation.

As さらに is used adverbially, it often appears at the beginning of part (B) of a sentence, after the 'base' information has already been indicated.

Fun-fact

The meaning of 更(さら) as 'approaching change' merely indicates that something has already reached 'fullness', and anything more than that will cause a fundamental change in the state of (A). Due to this, さらに primarily indicates things where (A) is considered 'complete' or 'enough' in and of itself, and what happens in (B) pushes that thing beyond a certain threshold. This may be either positive or negative depending on the sentence.

  • 病院(びょういん)に行(い)き始(はじ)めてから彼(かれ)は更(さら)に元気(げんき)になった。
    Ever since he started going to the hospital, he has gotten even better.
  • 仕事(しごと)をクビになって更(さら)に生活(せいかつ)が苦(くる)しくなった。
    My life became even more difficult after being fired.

Examples

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    税金(ぜいきん)がさらに高(たか)くなった。

    Taxes got higher again. (more and more)

    さらに気(き)を付(つ)けてもらわないと困(こま)ります。

    There will be trouble if you aren't more careful. (more and more)

    さらに給与(きゅうよ)が上(あ)がり、とても助(たす)かります。

    My salary has gone up even more and that is very helpful. (more and more)

    さらに乾燥(かんそう)がひどくなり、保湿(ほしつ)するのが大変(たいへん)だ。

    The dry air has become even more terrible and moisturizing is difficult. (more and more)

    国家(こっか)からの融資(ゆうし)でさらにグラフェンの研究(けんきゅう)を進(すす)める。

    Financing from the state will push the graphene research further. (more and more)

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更に – Grammar Discussion

Most Recent Replies (2 in total)

  • Hadros232232

    Hadros232232

    What are the differences between いっぽう, ますます, and さらに?

  • Fuga

    Fuga

    Hey @Hadros232232 !

    The difference between 一方だ and さらに is that 一方だ is used when something progresses in one direction, and has the nuance of ‘only’ attached to it because 一方 literally means ‘one direction’. さらに has a slightly different nuance, and has the meaning of ‘even more’ or ‘even…er’. This is usually used when something becomes ‘even more…-er’ compared to how something was previously. Unlike these words with a slightly different nuance, ますます is a word that just means ‘more and more’.

    Examples:

    今月は繁忙期なので、仕事が増えていく一方だ。
    ‘Because this month is the busiest season, the amount of work I have only keeps increasing (and it does not seem like it will decrease).’

    今月は繁忙期なので、さらに仕事が増える。
    ‘Because this month is the busiest season, the amount of work increases even more.’ (Increases to the amount that is more than usual.)

    今月は繁忙期なので、ますます仕事が増える。
    ‘Because this month is the busiest season, we are getting m...

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