間（あいだ）に, is an expression that can be used with almost any type of word, to highlight that (A) is the period/space within which something else will or did happen/exist, or a period/space ‘until’ which something else will or did happen/exist. It is a combination of the noun 間（あいだ）, and the 格助詞（かくじょし） (case marking particle) に.
When used with verbs or い-Adjectives, 間（あいだ）に will simply follow the verb/adjective. However, の will be required after nouns, while な will be required after な-Adjectives.

• あくびをしている間（あいだ）に笑（わら）わせないでって前（まえ）も言（い）ったじゃないか。
  I told you before not to make me laugh while I'm yawning!
• 若（わか）い間（あいだ）に色々（いろいろ）な経験（けいけん）をした方（ほう）がいいです。
  It would be better if you experience many different things while you are young.
• 暇（ひま）な間（あいだ）に、部屋（へや）の片付（かたづ）けをしておこう。
  While I’m free, I should clean my room. (Because I can’t when I am busy)
• 冷蔵庫（れいぞうこ）とシンクの間（あいだ）に箸（はし）を落（お）としてしまった。
  I accidentally dropped a chopstick between the sink and the refrigerator.

When 間（あいだ）に is being used to express the period/space ‘until’ something happens/exists, it will be paired with まで.

• 1月（がつ）から4月（がつ）までの間（あいだ）に日本（にほん）に行（い）きたいと思（おも）います。
  I think I want to go to Japan sometime between January and April.
• 13時（じ）から15時（じ）までの間（あいだ）に連絡（れんらく）をください。
  Please give us a call from the period of between 1pm and 3 pm.

With 間（あいだ）に, the (B) action/location is usually something that can or did happen/exist at a ‘specific’ point during (A), and does/did not take up the whole time-frame/space of (A). In this way, it can translate more literally as ‘in the span of (A)’. This comes from the kanji 間（あいだ）’s common meaning as ‘an interval’.

• 彼女（かのじょ）は冬休（ふゆやす）みの間（あいだ）に地元（じもと）へ帰（かえ）った。
  She went back to her home town during winter break.
• コンタクトと目（め）の間（あいだ）にゴミが入（はい）って、目（め）がとても痛（いた）い。
  My eye is extremely sore because I got something between my contact and my eye.