Structure
Noun + (の)+ 如何 + で(は) (1)
Noun + (の)+ 如何 + だ(2)。
(1) によって(は)
(2) である
Details
Register
Formal
使用域
硬い
About 如何
いかん is a grammar structure that has evolved as an abbreviation of いかん, an adverb meaning 'in what way'. In almost all circumstances, it can be translated directly as 'depending on', and will be followed by either the auxiliary verb だ at the end of sentences, or the conjunctive form of だ, で, when used in the middle of a sentence.
いかん will follow nouns, and may or may not be preceded by の.
いかん will follow nouns, and may or may not be preceded by の.
-
嵐の状況のいかんで、来週のイベントが中止されるかされないかが決まる。Whether or not next week's event will be canceled will depend on the status of the storm.
- 前回の試験の結果いかんでどの大学に入れるかが決まる。Which college I can get into will depend on the result of my last exam.
- 東大に入学できるかは、君たちの努力のいかんだ。Whether or not you guys can get into Tokyo University would depend on your efforts.
- 来月昇進できるかは自分の業績いかんだ。Whether I get a promotion next month depends on my performance.
-
実験の結果いかんによっては、最初からやり直さないといけなくなる可能性もあります。Depending on the results of the experiment, we may have to start over from the beginning.
Fun Fact
いかん, like いかに, is simply another word that has the same meaning as どう 'how', and even shares the same kanji structure of 如何, 如何. It is also quite common to see the structure かどうであるによって 'depending on in what way' used as an explanation for the meaning of いかん in various dictionaries and other teaching resources. Due to this, it may be beneficial to simply consider いかん as a less common version of どう, or かどうである.Synonyms
Examples
入学試験の成績いかんで、私の将来が決まる。
Depending on the exam results, my future will be decided.
衝突事故ならば傷の状態いかんによっては入院する場合もありうる。
In the case of an accident, depending on the severity of the wound, hospitalization is also possible.
実験の結果のいかんで研究資金が決まる。中止の場合もあります。
Depending on the experiment's results, funding will be decided. Cancellation is also a possibility.
ホテルのサイト:「今後の状況如何では予約の取り消しが不可避の場合もございます。その際はメールをもって告知させていただきます。」
Hotel website: 'Depending on future circumstances, we may have to cancel your reservation. In that case, we will notify you with an email.'
必要な最少参加者数の到達如何によってコース開催かどうか決定される。
Whether or not the course will be held all depends on the minimum number of required participants being reached.
いかん is very often used with expressions like かどうか、か否か, etc.
Get more example sentences!
Premium users get access to 12 example sentences on all Grammar Points.
Self-Study Sentences
Study your own way!
Add sentences and study them alongside Bunpro sentences.
Online
Many uses of 〜いかん
K Sensei
Breakdown and examples
JapaneseTest4You
Offline
There are no Offline resources listed for 「如何」.
You can . Resources are constantly updated, come back later to see new additions!
Track Resources!
Bunpro tracks all of the resources you’ve visited, and offers relevant bookmarks of physical books to help with offline tracking.
如何 – Grammar Discussion
There's currently no discussion for 如何
Ask questions and learn together with other Bunpro users!