～ている ②State of being, Has (have) done

Most Recent Replies (20 in total)

• 

  Pushindawood

  state of being
  has (have) done
  is

  Structure

  • Verb[ て ] + いる

  You may come across verb [て] + て (来てて). This is the て-form of ている - 来ていて with い omitted.

  When ている is used with a verb that expresses a change that happens within a moment, it indicates a state of being that is the result of the realization of that verb.

  Example: 怒る (to get angry) → realization (got angry) → 怒っている (to be mad/to be in a state of anger) not “to be getting mad.”

  As you can see, the verb in dictionary form expresses the starting moment, and ている expresses the result and current state.

  View on Bunpro

• 

  max99x

  This is one topic that I still have trouble with. It seems inconsistent to me. E.g.

  • 知る: to get to know; 知っている: to know; 知らない: to not know
  • 太る: to get fat; 太っている: to be fat; 太っていない: to not be fat

  Why is the first case using the normal non-past form for negatives, and the second is using ている?

  P.S. お前はもう死んでる。

• 

  Pushindawood

  @max99x Hey! Unfortunately, 知る is riddled with curiosities like this. This answer gives an in-depth explanation, comparing it to other verbs. You can find 知っていない being used with と to connect other sentences, as pointed out here, but it is better to stick with 知らない in the majority of situations where you are asked if you know something or not. 知らない is just one of many exceptions that can only be fully grasped through exposure and practice. Hope this helps. Cheers!

• 

  max99x

  Thanks. I’m used to 知らない, but I didn’t realize it was the exception and regular usage of negated state of being ている is the normal ていない. That makes it easier.

• 

  mrnoone

  Hey
  I have changed the nuance, to be more informative.
  
• 

  deltacat3
• 

  Pushindawood

  I am not sure what happened here. It looks like part of the answer got somehow combined with どうして. どうして (as seen in the example sentence) is correct. I have corrected the review question. Cheers!

• 

  wct

  Perhaps this is a question with an obvious answer, but I’m just looking for a little human feedback to make sure I understand things correctly.

  The specific example I tripped up on:

  電車（でんしゃ）は東京（とうきょう）に行（い）っ ています 。

  The train is in Tokyo. (The train has gone to Tokyo and is there.)

  [Like a previous example, this sentence can be interpreted as “The train is going to Tokyo.”]

  Plus the Meaning note for some context:

  [When ている is used with a verb that expresses a change that happens within a moment, it indicates a state of being that is the result of the realization of that verb.
  Example: 怒る (to get angry) → realization (got angry) → 怒っている (to be mad/to be in a state of anger) not “to be getting mad”
  As you can see, the verb in dictionary form expresses the starting moment, and ている expresses the resu...

• 

  nekoyama

  It’s not about how instantaneous the change was but about intention. てある expresses a continuing state that has been brought about by someone. This grammar is used with transitive verbs, of which 行く isn’t one.

  This link covers the differences: http://maggiesensei.com/2014/09/04/how-to-use-〜てある-te-aru/

• 

  mrnoone

  @wct
  Very good question!

  It is like @nekoyama says, the てある implies that something has been operated (object) and the result remains. It is used with transitive verbs therefore implies someone’s action.

  However, 行く is not a transitive verb (nothing is operated) so we cannot use it with てある construction.

  By the way.
  行く can be used with particle を, but in this case, it doesn’t express direct object, but a movement through something. You can see を used like this with movements verbs like 行く、飛ぶ etc.

  Example: とりは空を飛ぶ。
  The birds fly through skies.

• 

  zyoeru

  Maybe I’m being stupid.

  I just want to clarify that I’m thinking right: are the three different 「〜ている」 entries on BunPro all covered by the same entry on this point under 「〜ている2」 in the Dictionary of Basic Japanese Grammar on page 155?

  In its notes section it says:

  1. Actions that can be continued or repeated
  2. Actions that can’t be repeated but have a resulting state
  3. Actions that are related to motion.
• 

  testing

  I think this grammar point as well as the third part should all be part of the Genki 1 learning path, in chapter 7 just like the first part.

• 

  berrybooms
• 

  EdBunpro

  Often in casual conversations the い will be dropped, it’s one of those things that tripped me up too when I first saw it. You may be able to hit the A button (I think) during reviews to scroll through acceptable answers, and usually it shows both variations. Could be wrong!

• 

  mrnoone

  @berrybooms
  I made it a bit more visible in the structure section!

  I hope it helps,
  Cheers

• 

  berrybooms

  Thank you so much @mrnoone @EdBunpro !

• 

  SeanFM

  I’ve got the negative form of this (していない) wrong a few times now.

  My first guess just now was してるない for this sentence: サスケさんは結婚していないでしょう？

  How does the conjugation work here? Is it just that いない is the negative form of いる or something?

• 

  IcyIceBear

  Yep いる becomes いない. The いる at the end will conjugate like an ichidan/る verb

  So like
  食べる 食べない
  食べます 食べません

  食べている 食べていない
  食べています 食べていません

• 

  dharlequin

  Thanks for this!
  It feels like it should be covered in the grammar topic itself, and not just hidden in the discussions.

• 

  Kattosan

  Good afternoon.
  In example sentences,
  「パーティーは始じまっている」

  始まる → 始まっている
  始じまっている