Grammar Info

N4 Lesson 10: 12/18

(Question-Phrase) + かIncluding questions within sentences

Do not attach だ or です to nouns or な-adjectives preceding か

Structure

Question Word + か + わかる(1)

(1) 覚(おぼ)える、決(き)める、知(し)っている and so on

Details

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About Question-phrase + か

Often, the adverbial particle か is used in the middle of a sentence, in the same way that it is as a sentence ending particle. The main differences are as follows:

Adverbial Particle: 副助詞(ふくじょし) - Highlights uncertain things '不確(ふたし)かであること'. This is the same か as in どこか 'somewhere'.

Sentence Ending Particle: 終助詞(しゅうじょし) - Highlights doubts and questions '疑問(ぎもん)や質問(しつもん)'. This is a direct question.

In the case of the adverbial particle か and 'uncertain things', this will almost always be followed by a word that is seeking information about the uncertain thing.

As can be seen in these examples, sometimes the adverbial particle will appear by itself, and sometimes it will appear together with the sentence ending particle in the same sentence. However, due to the 'uncertainty' being displayed by the adverbial particle, the question marker at the end of the sentence is not required.

Caution

This か should not be preceded by だ (or です), this is why words like どこか and 誰(だれ)か are not どこだか and 誰(だれ)だか.

Related

Examples

--:--

    僕(ぼく)がどこにいるかわかる？

    Do you know where I am?
    (question within a larger sentence)

    いつ美術館(びじゅつかん)に行(い)くか決(き)めましたか？

    Have you decided when you are going to the art museum?
    (question within a larger sentence)

    彼(かれ)の好(この)みの味(あじ)が何(なに)かわかる？

    Do you know what kind of flavor(s) he likes?
    (question within a larger sentence)

    彼(かれ)が誰(だれ)のことを好(す)きかわかりません。

    I do not know who he likes.
    (question within a larger sentence)

    何(なに)を消(け)したか知(し)っている？

    Do you know what was erased?
    (question within a larger sentence)

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