けれどもBut, Although

Both ものの and けれども can appear at the end of a clause to show contrast. けれども (or the casual けど) usually expresses a simple contrast or adds background information, and is used in a wide range of situations. In contrast, ものの has the specific nuance of 'While A is true, B is not,' and is less colloquial, more commonly found in writing or formal speech.

Both が and けれども express contrast, similar to 'but' in English, or sometimes simply indicate a transition to added information (like 'and'). Both are somewhat formal, used in writing or formal speech, compared to the casual けど. Note that while が and けれども follow immediately after verbs or い-Adjectives, だ or です is required after a な-Adjective or noun.

けど and けれども are essentially the same expression, with けど being a shortened form of けれども. Both express contrast, like 'but' in English, or soften a statement. The difference is in their formality: けど is casual and colloquial, while けれども is more formal and is most often used in writing or formal speech.

Both of these are linking phrases used to express contrast in Japanese. だが and ですが sound a bit stiffer than けれども or the more casual けど, and must follow a noun or な-adjective (in contrast, けれども would become だけれども in this case). Besides showing contrast, both が and けれども (or けれど・けど) can also be used to add background information without directly meaning 'but'.

Both ところが and けれども are linking phrases used to express contrast. けれども (or the casual form けど) shows a simple contrast or transition, similar to 'but' in English, and can appear mid-sentence or at the end. In contrast, ところが is typically used at the beginning of a sentence and adds a strong nuance of surprise or something unexpected.