Grammar Info
N5 Lesson 2: 7/12

る-Verb (Negative)
Will/Does/Do (not)

Structure
Casual
Polite
Examples:
​​食べ + ない
​​見 + ない
+ ない
Examples:
食べ + ません
食べ + ないです

+ ません
+ ないです

+ ません
+ ないです
Details
Part of Speech Verb
Word Type Auxiliary Verb
Register Standard
品詞 動詞
単語の種類 助動詞
使用域 一般
Information
The negative form of る-Verbs are conjugated based on the same set of rules used for other forms of る-Verb conjugation (removal of る, followed by the addition of something else). In the case of negation, the additional component will be ない (casual), or ません (polite).
  • 私(わたし)、肉(にく)食(た)べない
    I don't eat meat.
  • 私(わたし)黒板(こくばん)見(み)えません
    I can't see the black board.
While the common translation of ない and ません is simply ‘not’, they actually have several possible nuances. These nuances are ‘don’t’ (usually not), ‘won’t’ (intentionally not), or ‘can’t’ (unintentionally not).
  • 私(わたし)人(ひと)名前(なまえ)覚(おぼ)えない
    I can’t remember people's names. (Unintentionally not)
  • 私(わたし)プレゼント開(あ)けません
    I won't open the present. (Intentionally not)
Both ない and ません are auxiliary verbs (ません is a conjugation of ます), meaning that they have their own set of conjugation rules.
Caution
The ない attached to make the negative form of adjectives is a different word, and therefore follows different conjugation rules. When attached to adjectives ない itself is an い-Adjective, and not an auxiliary verb.
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寿司(すし)食(た)べない
寿司(すし)食(た)べないです
寿司(すし)食(た)べません
I don’t eat sushi.
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テレビ見(み)ない
テレビ見(み)ないです
テレビ見(み)ません
I don’t watch TV.
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お金(かね)借(か)りない
お金(かね)借(か)りないです
お金(かね)借(か)りません
I will not borrow money.
Play  
Books
みんなの日本語 I
Page 110 [CH 17]
Tae Kim's Japanese Grammar Guide
Page 47
Try N5
Page 20
Genki I 2nd Edition
88 & 190