為(ため)にDue to, Because of, As a result of

Most Recent Replies (15 in total)

• 

  mrnoone

  English
  because of
  as a result of

  Structure
  Verb + ため(に)
  いAdj + ため(に)
  Noun + の ため(に)
  なAdj + な ため(に)

  View on Bunpro

• 

  cjswanson1355

  How do i know when to use no tame ni or to use ni yoru or ni yotte?

• 

  mrnoone

  @cjswanson1355
  Hey

  This gonna be a long ride. So put your seatbelt on.

  ため and により（によって）are both formal expressions, used in documents, master theses, etc.

  Let’s focus on meaning firsts:

  ため(に) can express profit, purpose, reason, cause and basis for judgment or conjecture.

  自然環境のために生分解性物質を使うべきです。
  We should use bio-degradable materials for sake of nature.

  建物を建てるために中でもクレーンが必要である
  You need a crane among others in order to build a house.

  コンサートが地震のために中止となった。
  The concert has been canceled due to the earthquake.

  彼女は弱そうに見えたために殺されただろう。
  She has been killed probably because she looked weak.

  ---

  によって can express agent in a passive sentence, means of doing something, dependency and reason and cause.

  ...

• 

  cjswanson1355

  Thanks. I will study this but I’m thinking it will take awhile to fully sink in. Great write up.

• 

  Pep95

  Would be neat if the kanji version was also given as a definition (為に)

• 

  mrnoone

  Done

• 

  ArsDiaboli

  Can you do a comparison with で as well?
  For example
  コンサートが地震のために中止となった。
  地震でコンサートが中止となった。
  Is there any difference between both of them in nuance? Cases where you should be using one instead of the other? Besides the fact that で is only used with nouns (and maybe Na Adjectives?).

• 

  mrnoone

  Hey and sorry for the very slow answer

  Those two are both possible expressions and mean the same thing.
  The main difference is that て form (in this case で comes from て form) might express reason or cause like から、ため、ので but it is much weaker than those. で can also express location, means, time, etc.

  When で expresses reason/cause the nouns is something that is beyond human control, the most common sentences with で are about illness and weather.

  キムさんは病気で倒れた。 Mr. Kim collapsed due to (because of) illness.
  トムさんは病気のため来られなかった。Mr Kim couldn’t come due to (because of) illness.
  本店は台風のために休業していた。The shop is closed due to typhoon.
  台風で木が倒れた。Tree collapsed due to the typhoon.

  To be honest, in those cases で seems to be used more often.

  Plus, you cannot use のは。。。ためだ pattern with ...

• 

  NickavGnaro

  I am really struggling with this. Under the “usage” section of your writeup, would it be possible to include example sentences for each bullet point to demonstrate the usage distinctions? I totally get it if that’s a bit much, but it would be greatly appreciated! Either way, this is already tremendous stuff, so thank you.

• 

  NickavGnaro

  Hey, after researching this topic a bit more, I found a great explanation from the Dictionary of (Basic and Intermediate) Japanese. Here’s my understanding of it.

  TL;DR: Ignore によって’s other functions (passive sentence agent, and dependency), leaving only cause and means. Then, we have that a) Both clauses must have the same temporal referents, b) the preceding element can only be in the past when expressing cause, but not means, and c) Unlike ため・から・ので、ことによる cannot be used for reasons, only causes and means. However, the line between reason and cause is blurred, so I’m not sure I’m fully on-board with this.

  1. ～ことで and ～ことによって are interchangeable when expressing cause or means.
     Ex.: 私は週末にゴルフをする｛ことで・ことによって・ことにより｝気分転換を図っています。[means]

  2. Both clauses must have the same temporal referent for ことで, but not necessarily for ため（に）・から・ので. Note: I assume that since the dictionary says that ことによって expresses the same...

• 

  mrthuvi

  Article comparing ために、ので、and から:
  

  
  ために is more formal compared...
• 

  NickavGnaro

  Thinking about my old post a little more, I now think I understand what they meant by the word reason. I think they meant “justification.”

  So you can’t use ことで・ことによって and the like as justification for something.

  So simplifying my old post a bit, we have that to use ことによって・ことで, it differs from ため・から・ので in that:

  1. Both clauses must be in the same tense
  2. It cannot be used as justification for some behavior (e.g.: not coming to a party because one is busy)
  3. It can be used to express the means by which something happens. In this case, both clauses have to be in the non-past.
• 

  Ambo100

  Sadly the link is broken now

• 

  mathijsdm

  Pro-tip : You can always bung a link in the wayback machine to see if there are any copies

• 

  Ambo100

  Yeah. I already added automatic replacements for broken Jgram and Tanos on my Bunpro Toolbox userscript, I think I’ll add 99bako to that list as well in case there are any other links.

• 

  Daru

  All dead links have been removed from this Grammar Point. Cheers!