Structure
Verb[た]+ とたん(に)
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About たとたんに
たとたんに, frequently seen using its kanji form た途端に is a structure used to convey that something happens 'the instant', or 'the moment' that something else occurs. It is a combination of the auxiliary verb た (indicating the completion of a verb), and the noun 途端 'on the tip of' used adverbially (with に).
(A) た途端に (B) is used to express (B) things that are beyond the control of the speaker, and may be considered strange, or unexpected.
As 途端 literally means 'on the tip of', any (B) action is considered to happen either directly upon (A), or even simultaneously with (A).
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Examples
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出た途端に、雨が降り始めた。
The instant I went outside, it began to rain.
帰ろうとした途端、仕事を頼まれた。
Just as I was about to leave, I was given more work to do.
青になった途端に飛び出すのは危ないよ。
It's dangerous to speed off the instant (a traffic light) turns (became) green.
家に入った途端呼び鈴が鳴った。
Just as I got into the house, the doorbell rang.
彼女を見た途端に恋をしてしまった。
I fell in love the instant I saw her.
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