Structure
Verb + 上(に)
[い]Adjective + 上(に)
[な]Adjective + な(1) + 上(に)
Noun + の(1) + 上(に)
(1) である
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Standard
使用域
一般
About 上に
上に is a grammar pattern that functions as a slightly formal way of saying 'and' in Japanese. It shows that something is 'in addition to (A)', 'as well as (A)', or 'besides (A)'. Literally, it simply shows that 'on top of (A), (B)'.
上に may be used after that standard form of verbs and い-Adjectives, な-Adjectives followed by な上に, and nouns followed by の上に. Occasionally, the に may be dropped from this structure, without changing the meaning at all.
上に may be used after that standard form of verbs and い-Adjectives, な-Adjectives followed by な上に, and nouns followed by の上に. Occasionally, the に may be dropped from this structure, without changing the meaning at all.
- 私の犬は子供を見ると吠える上に噛みつこうとするので子供には近づけさせないようにさせています。In addition to barking, my dog tries to bite children when he sees them, so I try not to let him get close to them.
- 家の近所にあるレストランはまずい上に、高いからいつも空いている。The restaurant near my house is always empty because in addition to having bad food, they are expensive.
- 高橋くんは無礼な上に清潔感がないため、周りの人たちには避けられている。Takahashi-kun is rude as well as unhygienic, so he is avoided by the people around him.
- 彼女は調理師免許の上に健康食アドバイザーの資格も持っているので、彼女が作る料理は健康的で美味しいです。In addition to having a chef's license, she also has qualification as a nutrition advisor, so the food she makes is healthy and delicious.
- あそこの駅は不便である上に利用者が減っている為、来月の中旬に取り壊されるそうだ。I heard that the station over there is going to get torn down in the middle of next month because in addition to being inconvenient, it is losing users.
- ケントさんは新聞記者である上にスーパーヒーローでもあった。Kent-san was a newspaper reporter as well as a superhero.
Caution - 上に must always be used to highlight qualities of things that are equivalent to each other. For example, a good thing and another good thing, or a bad thing and another bad thing.
- あの建築会社が建てる家は丈夫な上にお洒落なので、すごく人気があるらしい。Apparently that building company is very popular right now because the houses they build are durable as well as stylish. (Natural Japanese)
- 彼はハンサムな上に失礼だから、あまりモテない。He is not very popular because in addition to being handsome, he is rude. (Unnatural Japanese)
Synonyms
上は
Once, Since, Now that, As long as
Not studied yet
上
From the standpoint of
Not studied yet
また
Also, As well, Moreover, Again, Additionally
Not studied yet
上で
After, Upon
Not studied yet
更に
Even more or further, Again, More and more
Not studied yet
し~し
And, Giving reasons
Not studied yet
その上
Besides, In addition, Furthermore
Not studied yet
おまけに
In addition, On top of that, What is more, To make matters worse
Not studied yet
Examples
そのジムは安い上に、私の家から近い。
As well as being cheap, that gym is close to my house.
あの店はリフォームした上に、メニューも変わったらしい。
I heard that restaurant changed its menu, in addition to being remodeled.
今日の宿題は簡単な上に、少ない。
In addition to being easy, today's homework load was light.
あの人の説明は、曖昧な上に不正確だ。
That person's explanation was vague, as well as inaccurate.
彼はお酒を飲むと、暴れる上に悪態をつくから手に負えない。
If he drinks alcohol, in addition to getting violent, he uses abusive language, so he is uncontrollable.
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JLPT N2 文法: 上(に)
OobaSensei
Breakdown, comparisons and examples
日本語教師のN1et
〜上(に) in action
NihongoDayByDay
More 〜上(に) in action
NihongoDayByDay
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Tobira
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上に – Grammar Discussion
Most Recent Replies (3 in total)
Kert
Can someone help understand the phrase?
In 彼は、怪しい上に 気持ち悪いから、まずもてない
What is まずもてない made of?nekoyama
まず with a negative verb means something like “hardly”.
もてる means to be popular, in particular with the opposite sex.Daru
On the reference links, one of them leads to a 日本語の森 private link. Maybe they made it private some time after it was added?
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