N5Lesson 1 – Things that Are Crucial to Make a Natural -Interesting- SentenceだTo be, IsN5 Lesson 1: 1/12ですTo be, IsN5 Lesson 1: 2/12はAs for... (Highlights sentence topic)N5 Lesson 1: 3/12もAlso, Too, As well, Even, Either, NeitherN5 Lesson 1: 4/12これThisN5 Lesson 1: 5/12それThatN5 Lesson 1: 6/12あれThat (over there)N5 Lesson 1: 7/12のIndicates possessionN5 Lesson 1: 8/12いい いいい-Adjective meaning 'good'N5 Lesson 1: 9/12い-Adjectives い-AdjectiveAdjectives ending in いN5 Lesson 1: 10/12な-Adjectives な-AdjectiveAdjectives that are also nounsN5 Lesson 1: 11/12かQuestion marking particleN5 Lesson 1: 12/12Lesson 2 – Things that Are Necessary to Use Basic Types of VerbsがSubject marking particle, Identification particleN5 Lesson 2: 1/13よEmphasis (Sentence ending particle)N5 Lesson 2: 2/13ねIsn't it?, Right? (Sentence ending particle) N5 Lesson 2: 3/13る-Verb (Dictionary)る + ます (Ichidan Verbs)N5 Lesson 2: 4/13う-Verb (Dictionary)う + ます (Godan Verbs)N5 Lesson 2: 5/13をObject marking particleN5 Lesson 2: 6/13ますPolite Verb EndingsN5 Lesson 2: 7/13る-Verb (Negative)Will/Does/Do (not)N5 Lesson 2: 8/13う-Verb (Negative)Will/Does/Do (not)N5 Lesson 2: 9/13とAndN5 Lesson 2: 10/13ここHere, This placeN5 Lesson 2: 11/13そこThere, That placeN5 Lesson 2: 12/13あそこOver thereN5 Lesson 2: 13/13Lesson 3 – Remaining Particles Needed in Their Basic UsesでAt, InN5 Lesson 3: 1/13にIn, At, To, For, OnN5 Lesson 3: 2/13かOrN5 Lesson 3: 3/13とWithN5 Lesson 3: 4/13でしょうRight?, Probably, Isn't it?N5 Lesson 3: 5/13だろうRight?, Probably, Isn't it?N5 Lesson 3: 6/13がある があるTo be, There isN5 Lesson 3: 7/13がいる がいるTo be, There is, To remain (in a state)N5 Lesson 3: 8/13このThisN5 Lesson 3: 9/13そのThatN5 Lesson 3: 10/13あのThat (over there)N5 Lesson 3: 11/13~んです・のです んです・のですExplanatory, Emphasis, The fact isN5 Lesson 3: 12/13い-Adjective (Past)Was, Were (Past tense)N5 Lesson 3: 13/13Lesson 4 – Different Verb Forms that Will Make Use of the Particles Just Taughtの のは・のがVerb nominalizer, The one who..., That which...N5 Lesson 4: 1/13い-Adjective + Noun い-Adjective + (Noun)Describing a nounN5 Lesson 4: 2/13な-Adjective + Noun な-Adjective + (Noun)Describing a nounN5 Lesson 4: 3/13へいく へいくTo go to, To head towardN5 Lesson 4: 4/13するTo do, To make intoN5 Lesson 4: 5/13くる くるTo comeN5 Lesson 4: 6/13る-Verb (Past)る - Verbs (Past tense)N5 Lesson 4: 7/13う-Verb (Past)う - Verbs (Past tense)N5 Lesson 4: 8/13好き すきLike, Fond ofN5 Lesson 4: 9/13きらい きらいDislike, Not fond ofN5 Lesson 4: 10/13のがすき のがすきLike doing, Love doingN5 Lesson 4: 11/13がある + Noun がある + (Noun)Noun (B) that has Noun (A), Noun (B) with Noun (A)N5 Lesson 4: 12/13い-Adjectives くない くないNot (Adjective)N5 Lesson 4: 13/13Lesson 5 – Basic Sentence Linking Structures てでWith, By (using)N5 Lesson 5: 1/12のでBecause, So, Since, The reason beingN5 Lesson 5: 2/12からBecause, SinceN5 Lesson 5: 3/12からFromN5 Lesson 5: 4/12けど・だけど けどBut, HoweverN5 Lesson 5: 5/12がBut, HoweverN5 Lesson 5: 6/12る-Verb (Negative-Past)る - Verbs (Negative-past tense)N5 Lesson 5: 7/12う-Verb (Negative-Past)う - Verbs (Negative-past tense)N5 Lesson 5: 8/12Verb + て ~て (Conjunction)And, Then (Linking events)N5 Lesson 5: 9/12ている① ~ている ①Is, Am, Are (~ing)N5 Lesson 5: 10/12へTo, TowardN5 Lesson 5: 11/12Verb + にいく ~にいくTo go ~, To go in order to ~N5 Lesson 5: 12/12Lesson 6 – Filling in the Knowledge Gaps of the Basics誰 だれWhoN5 Lesson 6: 1/16なぜWhyN5 Lesson 6: 2/16どうしてWhyN5 Lesson 6: 3/16なんでWhyN5 Lesson 6: 4/16い-Adjective (Predicate) い-Adjective + です (Predicate)い-Adjective (Predicate)N5 Lesson 6: 5/16な-Adjective だ な-Adjective + だ (Predicate)な-Adjective (Predicate)N5 Lesson 6: 6/16だった・でしたWas, Were (Past tense) N5 Lesson 6: 7/16じゃないIs not, Isn'tN5 Lesson 6: 8/16じゃなかったWas not, Wasn'tN5 Lesson 6: 9/16い-Adjective くなかった くなかった Was not, Wasn't (Adjective)N5 Lesson 6: 10/16とQuotationN5 Lesson 6: 11/16ってCasual quotationN5 Lesson 6: 12/16Verbs (Non-past) Verb (Non-Past)(Non-past)N5 Lesson 6: 13/16Verb[た・ている]+ Noun ~た + (Noun)Verb modified noun, Relative clauseN5 Lesson 6: 14/16のPossessive use (Noun omission)N5 Lesson 6: 15/16な な (Prohibitive)Do not, Don't (Prohibitive)N5 Lesson 6: 16/16Lesson 7 – Slightly More Advanced Linking and Identification PhrasesだけOnly, JustN5 Lesson 7: 1/13どれWhich (of three or more)N5 Lesson 7: 2/13どこWhereN5 Lesson 7: 3/13どのWhich (of three or more), What (kind)N5 Lesson 7: 4/13ている② ~ている ②State of being, Has (have) doneN5 Lesson 7: 5/13てから ~てからOnce...is done, Once...happens, After doingN5 Lesson 7: 6/13Verb + て+ B ~て (Sequence)And, And then, After that (sequence)N5 Lesson 7: 7/13もうAlready, AnymoreN5 Lesson 7: 8/13まだStillN5 Lesson 7: 9/13まだ~ていませんStill haven't done (something)N5 Lesson 7: 10/13てもいい ~てもいいIt is alright/fine/okay even if, Can/may, ~ is also okayN5 Lesson 7: 11/13たいWant to doN5 Lesson 7: 12/13たり~たりするThings like ~ and ~N5 Lesson 7: 13/13Lesson 8 – Identifying Amounts and Locationsけっこう けっこうQuite, A lot, Fairly, RatherN5 Lesson 8: 1/13たくさん たくさんMany, A lot of, Plenty, EnoughN5 Lesson 8: 2/13まえに まえにBefore, In front ofN5 Lesson 8: 3/13くらい ①About, ApproximatelyN5 Lesson 8: 4/13Noun + までUntil, Till, To (but no further than)N5 Lesson 8: 5/13Verb + までUntil (something) happensN5 Lesson 8: 6/13すぎる すぎるToo much, VeryN5 Lesson 8: 7/13にするTo decide on, To choose, To make something into, To view something asN5 Lesson 8: 8/13~になる・~くなる になる・くなるTo become (Adjective)N5 Lesson 8: 9/13のなかで~がいちばん~ のなかで~がいちばんOut of ~, ~ is the best/most ~N5 Lesson 8: 10/13より~のほうが より~のほうがTo be more ~ than ~N5 Lesson 8: 11/13なにか・なにも なに + かSomething, Nothing, Anything, Not anything, Some kind of, Not any kind ofN5 Lesson 8: 12/13誰か・どこか・誰も・どこも だれか・どこか・だれも・どこもSomeone, Somewhere, Not anyone, Not anywhereN5 Lesson 8: 13/13Lesson 9 – Suggesting and RequestingましょうLet's, Shall we (Polite volitional)N5 Lesson 9: 1/13~ましょうか ましょうかShall we, Shall IN5 Lesson 9: 2/13ませんかWon't you, Would you not, Why don't weN5 Lesson 9: 3/13Verb + てもいい ~てもいい (Verb)It's okay to, It's alright to, Can/mayN5 Lesson 9: 4/13てください ~てくださいPlease do (Polite request)N5 Lesson 9: 5/13ないでください ~ないでくださいPlease don't (Polite request)N5 Lesson 9: 6/13てはいけない ~てはいけないMust not, May notN5 Lesson 9: 7/13なくてはいけないMust do, Have to doN5 Lesson 9: 8/13なくてはならないMust do, Have to doN5 Lesson 9: 9/13たほうがいい ~たほうがいいIt'd be better to, Should doN5 Lesson 9: 10/13ないほうがいい ないほうがいいIt'd be better not to, Shouldn't doN5 Lesson 9: 11/13なくちゃ・なきゃMust do, Have to doN5 Lesson 9: 12/13やThings like, And the likeN5 Lesson 9: 13/13Lesson 10 – Giving, Receiving, and Describing Experiencesたことがある ~たことがあるHave done beforeN5 Lesson 10: 1/12ている③ ~ている ③Has/have done, Is ~ing (Repetition)N5 Lesson 10: 2/12Adjective + て・Noun + で ~て (Adjectives and Nouns)And... (Conjunctive)N5 Lesson 10: 3/12Adjective + て + B ~て (Qualities and States)And..., Both and (Conjunctive)N5 Lesson 10: 4/12のがへた のがへたTo be bad at, Poor at, UnskillfulN5 Lesson 10: 5/12のがじょうず のがじょうずTo be good at, ProficientN5 Lesson 10: 6/12Adjective + の(は) (Adjective) + のはThe 'one' that... (Indefinite pronoun, Adjective nominalization)N5 Lesson 10: 7/12あげるTo give (away), To present, To provideN5 Lesson 10: 8/12くれるTo give (me), To be givenN5 Lesson 10: 9/12もらう もらうTo receive, To get, To obtainN5 Lesson 10: 10/12けれどもBut, AlthoughN5 Lesson 10: 11/12つもりだTo plan to, To intend toN5 Lesson 10: 12/12
N4Lesson 1 – Ways of Doing and BeingでもOr something, Any... (with question words), No matter (who)N4 Lesson 1: 1/19やすい ~やすいEasy to, Likely toN4 Lesson 1: 2/19にくいDifficult to, Hard toN4 Lesson 1: 3/19づらいHard to, Tough to, Painful to, Difficult toN4 Lesson 1: 4/19だんだん だんだんGradually, Little by little, Step by stepN4 Lesson 1: 5/19どんどんProgressively, Rapidly increasing, More and moreN4 Lesson 1: 6/19~ら らWe, Them, They, These, ThoseN4 Lesson 1: 7/19ていく ~ていくTo ~ and go, To go on, To startN4 Lesson 1: 8/19てくる ~てくる To come to, To become, To continue, To be starting to, Has been ~ingN4 Lesson 1: 9/19かた かたWay of ~ing, How to ~, Manner of ~ingN4 Lesson 1: 10/19だけでJust by, Just withN4 Lesson 1: 11/19だが・ですが だがBut, Still, However, NeverthelessN4 Lesson 1: 12/19なくて なくて (Sequence)To not ~ and ~, Not ~ and ~ (Conjugations)N4 Lesson 1: 13/19なくて なくて (Reasons and Causes)Not ~ and, Not so, Because not (Examples)N4 Lesson 1: 14/19ないでWithout doing, Not ~ and ~N4 Lesson 1: 15/19Verb[れる・られる] れる・られる (Passive)Was done to ~ by ~, Done without consent, Done to one's dismayN4 Lesson 1: 16/19他動詞・自動詞 たどうし・じどうしDone through action vs. occurring on its ownN4 Lesson 1: 17/19なおす なおすTo do over, To redoN4 Lesson 1: 18/19ということ ということ~ing, The ~ that ~ (Nominalization)N4 Lesson 1: 19/19Lesson 2 – When and How Oftenとき ときWhen, At the time ofN4 Lesson 2: 1/17まずTo start with, FirstlyN4 Lesson 2: 2/17までEven, To even, To the extent ofN4 Lesson 2: 3/17までにBy ~, By the time that ~, Before ~N4 Lesson 2: 4/17またAlso, As well, Moreover, Again, AdditionallyN4 Lesson 2: 5/17はじめる はじめるTo start, To begin toN4 Lesson 2: 6/17おわる おわるTo finish, To endN4 Lesson 2: 7/17ごろ ころAround, AboutN4 Lesson 2: 8/17あとで あとでAfter, LaterN4 Lesson 2: 9/17ていた ~ていた Was doing ~N4 Lesson 2: 10/17に (Frequency)Times (In each time period), Every, Frequency ofN4 Lesson 2: 11/17とうとう とうとうFinally, After allN4 Lesson 2: 12/17よりMore than, OverN4 Lesson 2: 13/17ごとに ごとにEach, EveryN4 Lesson 2: 14/17なるべくAs ~ as possible, Wherever practicableN4 Lesson 2: 15/17るところだ ~るところだAbout to, On the verge ofN4 Lesson 2: 16/17のに Despite, Although, Even thoughN4 Lesson 2: 17/17Lesson 3 – Seems Like, Could beとおもう とおもうI thinkN4 Lesson 3: 1/18など などSuch as, Things like, Etc., And so onN4 Lesson 3: 2/18みたいLike, Similar to, ResemblingN4 Lesson 3: 3/18ことConverting a verb into a nounN4 Lesson 3: 4/18そう Look like, Appear, Seem, Have a feeling thatN4 Lesson 3: 5/18さConverting adjectives to nounsN4 Lesson 3: 6/18とか~とか とかAmong other things, For example, Such asN4 Lesson 3: 7/18そういうLike that, Kind ofN4 Lesson 3: 8/18Verb[よう] う・よう (Volitional)Let's, I shall (Casual volitional)N4 Lesson 3: 9/18ようだ ようだIt seems that, It appears that, It looks likeN4 Lesson 3: 10/18ぜんぜん ぜんぜん(Not) at allN4 Lesson 3: 11/18かなI wonderN4 Lesson 3: 12/18あまり~ない あまり~ないNot very, Not much, Not really, HardlyN4 Lesson 3: 13/18ばIf… then, (Conditional)N4 Lesson 3: 14/18ならWere it, If, If it's the case, As for (Conditional)N4 Lesson 3: 15/18がるTo feel, To think, To act as if, To want, To desireN4 Lesson 3: 16/18がするTo give off, Smell, Sound, Taste, SensationN4 Lesson 3: 17/18たがるTo want to (Third person)N4 Lesson 3: 18/18Lesson 4 – Do it Like this, Did it Like thatかもしれないMight, Maybe, ProbablyN4 Lesson 4: 1/19みたいに・みたいな みたいにLike, Similar to, ResemblingN4 Lesson 4: 2/19そうに・そうな そうにSeem, Look like, SoundN4 Lesson 4: 3/19のように・のような のようにLike (Noun), Similar to (Noun)N4 Lesson 4: 4/19〜ようと思う・〜おうと思う う・よう + とおもうI think I will, I think I shall, Going to, Gonna (Volitional + と思う)N4 Lesson 4: 5/19く・に~ly (Describing verbs), AdverbsN4 Lesson 4: 6/19~にする・~くする にする・くするAdjective + する, To make something/someone (more)N4 Lesson 4: 7/19といいI hope, I wish, You should, It would be goodN4 Lesson 4: 8/19ようになる ようになるTo reach the point that, To come to be that, To turn intoN4 Lesson 4: 9/19まい~のように まい~のようにAlmost every ~, Nearly every ~, On a ~ basisN4 Lesson 4: 10/19じゃないかIsn't it?, Is it not?N4 Lesson 4: 11/19らしい ①Seems like, Apparently, I heardN4 Lesson 4: 12/19ておく ~ておくTo do something in advanceN4 Lesson 4: 13/19がほしい がほしいTo want something, To be in need ofN4 Lesson 4: 14/19てほしい ~てほしいI want you toN4 Lesson 4: 15/19ときいた ときいたI heard thatN4 Lesson 4: 16/19聞こえる きこえるTo be audible, To sound (like), (Can) hear, To be heardN4 Lesson 4: 17/19見える みえるTo be visible, To seem, To be in sightN4 Lesson 4: 18/19だす だすTo suddenly begin, To start doingN4 Lesson 4: 19/19Lesson 5 – Amounts/Counting~代 だいTeens, Twenties, Thirties, 1910s, 20s/30sN4 Lesson 5: 1/20Number + もEmphasis, As ~ as, Not evenN4 Lesson 5: 2/20ほとんど ほとんどAlmost all, Most, Hardly any, Few (Adverbial noun)N4 Lesson 5: 3/20そんな・こんな・あんな・どんな そんなSuch a・Kind of, Something like ~N4 Lesson 5: 4/20各 かくEach, Every, Respective, VariousN4 Lesson 5: 5/20以上 ① いじょう ①More than (or equal to), Over・(and) above, Any more・Greater, ExceedingN4 Lesson 5: 6/20いか いかLess than (or equal to), Under・(and) below, Any less・fewer, Not exceedingN4 Lesson 5: 7/20いがい いがいExcept・besides, Other than, With the exception ofN4 Lesson 5: 8/20ずっと ①Continuously, All throughout, Entire time, Ever (since), The whole time, All the wayN4 Lesson 5: 9/20だいたい だいたいMost・mostly, Adequately・generally, For the most part, Roughly・approximately, In the first placeN4 Lesson 5: 10/20のなかで のなかでIn, Among, WithinN4 Lesson 5: 11/20ように・ような よう + に・なAs・like, Just likeN4 Lesson 5: 12/20Number/Amount + は (Amount) + はAt least, Sort of, Or soN4 Lesson 5: 13/20なん + counter + か なん + (Counter) + かSome, Several, A fewN4 Lesson 5: 14/20真(っ) まっCompletely, Exactly, RightN4 Lesson 5: 15/20Number + しか〜ない (Number) + しか〜ないNo more than, Not exceeding, As few as・as little as, OnlyN4 Lesson 5: 16/20~は~の一つだ は~のひとつだ〜 is one of (many) 〜N4 Lesson 5: 17/20~ない~はない ない~はないThere is not ~ that is not/does notN4 Lesson 5: 18/20すこしも~ない すこしも~ないNot even a little, Not at all, Not in the least, NeverN4 Lesson 5: 19/20すくなくない すくなくないQuite a few, Quite a lot, Many, Not a few, Not a littleN4 Lesson 5: 20/20Lesson 6 – て the Day Awayばあいは ばあいはIn the event of, In the case ofN4 Lesson 6: 1/16Verb[て] ~て (Casual Request)Please do for me (Casual request)N4 Lesson 6: 2/16てよかった ~てよかったI'm glad thatN4 Lesson 6: 3/16Verb[せる・させる] せる・させる (Causative)To make/let/have (somebody do something)N4 Lesson 6: 4/16といってもいい といってもいいYou could say, You might sayN4 Lesson 6: 5/16ても ~ても・でもEven if, Even thoughN4 Lesson 6: 6/16てしまう・ちゃう ~てしまうTo do something by accident, To finish completely・totally, UnfortunatelyN4 Lesson 6: 7/16Verb[て] + B ~て (Reasons and Causes)And・and so, Due to, Because of, Since, ConjunctiveN4 Lesson 6: 8/16Causative-Passive させられる (Causative-Passive)Verbs (Causative-passive voice), To be made to do something, To be forced to doN4 Lesson 6: 9/16Verb[て]・Noun[で] + B ~て (Means and Manner)By, With, On, By means of, ~ing withN4 Lesson 6: 10/16てある ~てあるSomething is done, Has been done, Remaining stateN4 Lesson 6: 11/16ように~てほしい ように~てほしいWant ~ to ~ like ~, Want ~ to be able to ~, Want ~ to ~ in the way of ~N4 Lesson 6: 12/16ているあいだに ~ているあいだにWhile, During the time that ~N4 Lesson 6: 13/16なくてもいいDon't have toN4 Lesson 6: 14/16てみる ~てみるTo try toN4 Lesson 6: 15/16てすみません ~てすみませんI'm sorry forN4 Lesson 6: 16/16Lesson 7 – Let's Get Politeてあげる ~てあげるTo do something for someone, As a favor forN4 Lesson 7: 1/18てくれる ~てくれるTo do something for someone (usually you)N4 Lesson 7: 2/18てもらう ~てもらうTo get someone to do, To have someone doN4 Lesson 7: 3/18なさいCommand to doN4 Lesson 7: 4/18Verb[て] + B ~て (Non-Sequence)Non-sequence, And, But (Contrast), Parallel action/stateN4 Lesson 7: 5/18Verb[ないで] ないで (Casual Request)(Please) do not (for me), Casual requestN4 Lesson 7: 6/18てくれてありがとう ~てくれてありがとうThank you for ~ ingN4 Lesson 7: 7/18てくれない・てもらえない ~て + くれないWon't you?, Will you?, Could you?, Can you?, Would you?N4 Lesson 7: 8/18~のだろうか のだろうかI wonder...N4 Lesson 7: 9/18お~になる お~になるTo do (Honorific)N4 Lesson 7: 10/18なさるTo do (Honorific)N4 Lesson 7: 11/18お~ください お~くださいPlease do (Honorific)N4 Lesson 7: 12/18いらっしゃるTo be (Honorific), To come (Honorific), To go (Honorific)N4 Lesson 7: 13/18ございます ございますTo be, To exist (Polite)N4 Lesson 7: 14/18でございます でございますTo be, Polite copulaN4 Lesson 7: 15/18お〜するI humbly do, I am obliged to do, Humble speechN4 Lesson 7: 16/18いたす いたすTo do (Humble), To venerably doN4 Lesson 7: 17/18ていただけませんか ~ていただけませんかWon't you, Could you please (Humble request)N4 Lesson 7: 18/18Lesson 8 – Possibility vs NecessityたらWhen, From when, Just when, IfN4 Lesson 8: 1/18ほかに(も)・ほか(に)は ほかにOther, Another, Any other, Anything else, As well as, Besides, In additionN4 Lesson 8: 2/18がひつよう がひつようNeed, NecessaryN4 Lesson 8: 3/18そんなにSo (much), That much, Like thatN4 Lesson 8: 4/18ひつようがある ひつようがあるIt is necessary toN4 Lesson 8: 5/18たとえば たとえばFor exampleN4 Lesson 8: 6/18れる・られる (Potential)To be able, Can (Potential)N4 Lesson 8: 7/18んだけど・んですが んだけどBut..., And...N4 Lesson 8: 8/18はずだ はずだBound to (be), Expected to (be), Should be (able)N4 Lesson 8: 9/18かどうかWhether or not, If...or notN4 Lesson 8: 10/18とIf, When, Whenever, And, [Conditional]N4 Lesson 8: 11/18ないとMust, Have toN4 Lesson 8: 12/18はずがない はずがないHardly possible, Cannot be, Highly unlikely, ImprobableN4 Lesson 8: 13/18しか~ない しか~ないThere's only, Nothing butN4 Lesson 8: 14/18だけでなくNot only… but alsoN4 Lesson 8: 15/18ことができる ことができるCan, Be able toN4 Lesson 8: 16/18かいQuestion markerN4 Lesson 8: 17/18もしIf (For emphasis)N4 Lesson 8: 18/18Lesson 9 – Do it Like this, Did it Like that - Advancedし~し し (Reasons)And, Giving reasonsN4 Lesson 9: 1/16でできる・からできる でできるMade of, Made from, Produced from, Come fromN4 Lesson 9: 2/16ながらWhile ~ing, During, AsN4 Lesson 9: 3/16たところだ ~たところだJust finished doing, Was just doingN4 Lesson 9: 4/16ているところだ ~ているところだIn the process of doing ~ right now/at this momentN4 Lesson 9: 5/16と~と、どちらが Between ~ which oneN4 Lesson 9: 6/16ようにする ようにするTo try to, To make sure to, To endeavor toN4 Lesson 9: 7/16なければいけないMust do, Have to doN4 Lesson 9: 8/16なければならないMust do, Have to doN4 Lesson 9: 9/16つづける つづけるTo continueN4 Lesson 9: 10/16ようにいう ようにいうTo tell, request, or order to do (in such a way)N4 Lesson 9: 11/16よていだ よていだPlan to, Intend toN4 Lesson 9: 12/16ようにいのる ようにいのるPray that/for, Hope that/for, Keep fingers crossed thatN4 Lesson 9: 13/16たばかり ~たばかりJust did, Something just happenedN4 Lesson 9: 14/16化する かする-ification, -ization, To make something, To change, To become, Transform intoN4 Lesson 9: 15/16命令形 めいれいけい(Verb)!, Do (something)!N4 Lesson 9: 16/16Lesson 10 – Seems Like, Could Be - Advancedように ようにSo that, In order to, In such a way thatN4 Lesson 10: 1/18かしらI wonderN4 Lesson 10: 2/18らしい ②typical of, -ish・like, appropriate for, becoming of, befittingN4 Lesson 10: 3/18にみえるTo look, To seem, To appearN4 Lesson 10: 4/18とみえる とみえるIt seems that, It can be deduced, One can conclude thatN4 Lesson 10: 5/18風 ふう-style, Way, FashionN4 Lesson 10: 6/18がみられる がみられるCan see, Can be seen, Can observe, Can be observed, Be evident, Chance to see somethingN4 Lesson 10: 7/18にきがつく にきがつくTo notice (that), To realize (that)N4 Lesson 10: 8/18〜でも 〜でも でも〜でもWhether ~ or, Neither ~ orN4 Lesson 10: 9/18それにAnd, Besides, Moreover, In additionN4 Lesson 10: 10/18それでBecause of that, So?, And then?, Therefore, With thatN4 Lesson 10: 11/18Question-phrase + か (Question-Phrase) + かIncluding questions within sentencesN4 Lesson 10: 12/18それでもBut still, And yet, Even so, NeverthelessN4 Lesson 10: 13/18たらどうWhy don't you...?, What if you did...?N4 Lesson 10: 14/18とかんがえられている とかんがえられているIs considered, Is thought of asN4 Lesson 10: 15/18とされているTo be considered, To be deemed, Be regarded as, Be accepted as, To be said, To be accredited withN4 Lesson 10: 16/18といわれている といわれているIt is said that, Is known asN4 Lesson 10: 17/18ばよかった ばよかったShould have, I wish, It would have been better toN4 Lesson 10: 18/18
N3Lesson 1 – Possibilities and Time FramesばいいCan, Should, It'd be good ifN3 Lesson 1: 1/22たらいい・といいIt would be nice if, It would be good if, Should, I hopeN3 Lesson 1: 2/22中 ちゅうDuring, While, Throughout, In the process ofN3 Lesson 1: 3/22の間に のあいだにWhile, During, Between, PeriodN3 Lesson 1: 4/22うちに うちにWhile, DuringN3 Lesson 1: 5/22ないうちに ないうちにBefore it becomes, Before ~ occurs, WithoutN3 Lesson 1: 6/22べきMust, Should , Ought toN3 Lesson 1: 7/22べきではないShould not, Must not , Ought not toN3 Lesson 1: 8/22ってAs for, Speaking of, Casual は (Sentence topic marker)N3 Lesson 1: 9/22 なかなか なかなかVery, Quite, ConsiderablyN3 Lesson 1: 10/22あまり あまりSo much...thatN3 Lesson 1: 11/22なかなか~ない なかなか~ないNot really, Hardly, Not easily or readily, By no means, Far fromN3 Lesson 1: 12/22によると・によれば によるとAccording toN3 Lesson 1: 13/22によって・による によるBy means of, According to, Depending on, Because of, Due toN3 Lesson 1: 14/22全く~ない まったく~ないNot~at allN3 Lesson 1: 15/22ことだ ことだShould, OughtN3 Lesson 1: 16/22そうだ I heard that, It is said thatN3 Lesson 1: 17/22するとHaving done..., If...is done..., (And/just) then, Thereupon, If soN3 Lesson 1: 18/22そうするとHaving done that..., If that is done..., (And/just) then, Thereupon, If soN3 Lesson 1: 19/22のはXの方だ のは~のほうだIt is...that..., It is...who..., ...is the one that..., ...is the one who...N3 Lesson 1: 20/22Noun+型 (Noun) + がたModel, Type, Pattern, Kind, Shape, Size(d)N3 Lesson 1: 21/22てごらん てごらん(Please) try to, (Please) lookN3 Lesson 1: 22/22Lesson 2 – Extents and ReasonsParticle + の (Particle) + のCombined particlesN3 Lesson 2: 1/22であるFormal or literary だ, Authoritative, CopulaN3 Lesson 2: 2/22ところがEven so, However, Even though, ButN3 Lesson 2: 3/22ところでBy the way, IncidentallyN3 Lesson 2: 4/22ほど ほどThe more, About, To the extent that, So much… thatN3 Lesson 2: 5/22ば〜ほど ば~ほどThe more…the moreN3 Lesson 2: 6/22ほど~ない ほど~ないIs not as…as, Isn't... like..., Not to the extent of...N3 Lesson 2: 7/22では・それでは・じゃあ それではIf so, Well (then), In that caseN3 Lesson 2: 8/22のにIn order toN3 Lesson 2: 9/22ため(に) ためにFor, For the sake of, In order toN3 Lesson 2: 10/22ために ためにDue to, Because of, As a result ofN3 Lesson 2: 11/22という というCalled, Named, Known as, As much asN3 Lesson 2: 12/22ということだ ということだI heard that, Rumor has it that, It is said that, It means thatN3 Lesson 2: 13/22というのは というのは~ Known as ~ is, ~ Called ~ is, ~ Means ~, BecauseN3 Lesson 2: 14/22的 てき~ly・~like・~al, TypicalN3 Lesson 2: 15/22もの・もんBecause, CauseN3 Lesson 2: 16/22ものだSupposed to, Should, That's the way it isN3 Lesson 2: 17/22最中に さいちゅうにIn the middle ofN3 Lesson 2: 18/22上で うえでAfter, UponN3 Lesson 2: 19/22おかげで おかげでThanks to, Because ofN3 Lesson 2: 20/22にもとづいて にもとづいてBased on, In accordance withN3 Lesson 2: 21/22点 てんAspect, Respect, Point, Way, In terms of, In that, From the point of viewN3 Lesson 2: 22/22Lesson 3 – Limitations and Resultsなぜなら〜から なぜなら + からBecause, The reason is, That is becauseN3 Lesson 3: 1/22こそFor sure, For certain, Even more so, Underlined or bolded textN3 Lesson 3: 2/22からこそEmphasized because, Precisely becauseN3 Lesson 3: 3/22ばかりJust, Only, Nothing butN3 Lesson 3: 4/22ばかりだ(Only) continue to, Keep on -ing, More and moreN3 Lesson 3: 5/22ばかりにSimply because, Only because, Just because, Simply on account ofN3 Lesson 3: 6/22ことがある ことがあるSomething is possible, Sometimes, Occasionally, There are times whenN3 Lesson 3: 7/22ことにする ことにするTo decide on, Have decided toN3 Lesson 3: 8/22ことなの ことなの(A) is (Description of A), (A) means that (Description of A)N3 Lesson 3: 9/22ことになる ことになるIt will end up being, It is the result of, It has been decided thatN3 Lesson 3: 10/22~は~で有名 は~でゆうめいIs famous forN3 Lesson 3: 11/22ことはない ことはないThere is no need to, Never happensN3 Lesson 3: 12/22 ~と言っても といってもAlthough ~ might say that ~N3 Lesson 3: 13/22といえばSpeaking of, If it were the case thatN3 Lesson 3: 14/22合う あうTo do for one another, Mutually, WithN3 Lesson 3: 15/22に合わせて・に合った にあわせてIn accordance with, Matching, Fitting, Suitable for, Adjust or tune toN3 Lesson 3: 16/22についてConcerning, About, RegardingN3 Lesson 3: 17/22~(の)姿 のすがたFigure, Shape, Appearance, Looks, Wearing, Dressed in, PresenceN3 Lesson 3: 18/22と言える といえるWould or could say that..., Can probably say that..., Fair to say that...N3 Lesson 3: 19/22ちゃんと・きちんと ちゃんとProperly, Neatly, Orderly, Sufficiently, DecentlyN3 Lesson 3: 20/22そのため(に) そのためにFor that reason, Because of that, To that endN3 Lesson 3: 21/22その結果 そのけっかAs a resultN3 Lesson 3: 22/22Lesson 4 – Amounts and Comparisonsに比べて にくらべてCompared to, When compared toN3 Lesson 4: 1/21どんなに〜ても どんなに~てもNo matter howN3 Lesson 4: 2/21いくら〜でも いくら~でもNo matter how (much)N3 Lesson 4: 3/21〜かは〜によって違う かは〜によってちがうDepends on, Changes depending on, Differ depending onN3 Lesson 4: 4/21かなりQuite, Considerably, Pretty, FairlyN3 Lesson 4: 5/21あまりに あまりにSo much...that, (Way) too...N3 Lesson 4: 6/21わけだ わけだFor that reason, No wonder, As you'd expect, Naturally, Thus, This is whyN3 Lesson 4: 7/21わけではない わけではないIt doesn't mean that, It is not the case, It's not likeN3 Lesson 4: 8/21と同時に とどうじにAt the same time as, The instant, The moment, As well asN3 Lesson 4: 9/21ところだった ①Almost, Nearly, About to, On the verge ofN3 Lesson 4: 10/21だってI heard/was said, Because, But, Even or also, Even if or even thoughN3 Lesson 4: 11/21んだってI heard that, He or She said thatN3 Lesson 4: 12/21関係がある かんけいがある(Not) involved with, (Not) concerned with, (No) connection with, (No) relationship with, (Not) related toN3 Lesson 4: 13/21に関する・に関して にかんしてRelated to, About, RegardingN3 Lesson 4: 14/21に対して にたいしてIn contrast to, While, In regard to, WhereasN3 Lesson 4: 15/21くらい ②To the extent that, So…that, About the only thing that...N3 Lesson 4: 16/21は~くらいですAbout the only, To the extent thatN3 Lesson 4: 17/21さ - Interjection さ (Interjection)All right, There we go, Now, You see, Well (I don't know, let me see)N3 Lesson 4: 18/21さ - Filler さ (Filler)Like, You know, You see, Listen, UhhN3 Lesson 4: 19/21さ - Casual よ さ (Casual よ)Casual よN3 Lesson 4: 20/21それぞれEach, RespectivelyN3 Lesson 4: 21/21Lesson 5 – Suppositions and Statementsまま(に) ままに (As Is)As is, While remaining, Left in a stateN3 Lesson 5: 1/22そこでAccordingly, Now, Therefore, To that endN3 Lesson 5: 2/22しかないHave no choice but, Only, JustN3 Lesson 5: 3/22てもかまわない ~てもかまわないIt doesn't matter if, I don't mindN3 Lesson 5: 4/22~ても~なくてもWhether ~ or notN3 Lesson 5: 5/22んじゃないDon't, Mustn't, Shouldn't haveN3 Lesson 5: 6/22わけがない わけがないThere is no way, There is no reason, It is impossible, Cannot beN3 Lesson 5: 7/22としたら・とすれば・とすると とするとIf it were the case that, Assuming that...N3 Lesson 5: 8/22としてAs (i.e. in the role of), ForN3 Lesson 5: 9/22にしては(Even) considering, (Even) forN3 Lesson 5: 10/22にしてもEven though, Even if, Even when, AlsoN3 Lesson 5: 11/22~というのは事実だ というのはじじつだIt is a fact that ~, There is no doubt thatN3 Lesson 5: 12/22から言うと からいうとSpeaking in terms of, From the point of view ofN3 Lesson 5: 13/22に取って にとってTo, For, ConcerningN3 Lesson 5: 14/22ことから ことからFrom the fact thatN3 Lesson 5: 15/22というより というより...is more of a... than a..., Rather than saying that...N3 Lesson 5: 16/22はもちろんNot only but also, Let alone, Not to mention, Of courseN3 Lesson 5: 17/22をはじめ をはじめNot only...but also..., Starting withN3 Lesson 5: 18/22て初めて ~てはじめてFor the first time, Not until, Only after, Only when, Only becauseN3 Lesson 5: 19/22さえEvenN3 Lesson 5: 20/22さえ〜ば さえ~ばIf only…then, As long as..., Provided..., Only thing ... needs for ... is ...N3 Lesson 5: 21/22たものだ ~たものだUsed toN3 Lesson 5: 22/22Lesson 6 – Topic Changes and Counter StatementsさてWell, Well thenN3 Lesson 6: 1/24むしろRather, Instead, OverN3 Lesson 6: 2/24つまりIn short, To sum up, In other wordsN3 Lesson 6: 3/24即ち すなわちIn other words, That is, NamelyN3 Lesson 6: 4/24却って かえってAll the more, On the contrary, ConverselyN3 Lesson 6: 5/24まるで…ようだ まるで~ようだIt is entirely as if, It is just as thoughN3 Lesson 6: 6/24ような気がする ようなきがするHave a feeling thatN3 Lesson 6: 7/24とても~ないNot ~ at all, Cannot ~ at allN3 Lesson 6: 8/24別に〜ない べつに~ないNot really, Not particularly, It's not like...N3 Lesson 6: 9/24ばかりでなくNot only…but also, As well asN3 Lesson 6: 10/24ではなくて・じゃなくて ではなくてNot A but B, ConjunctiveN3 Lesson 6: 11/24だけでなく(て)~も だけでなくて~もNot only ~ but ~ also, Not just ~ but ~ alsoN3 Lesson 6: 12/24だけしか だけしか~ない To emphasize '~only', Nothing butN3 Lesson 6: 13/24は言うまでもない ① はいうまでもない ①It goes without saying (that), (It is) needless to say, I don't need to remind youN3 Lesson 6: 14/24決して〜ない けっして〜ないNever, By no meansN3 Lesson 6: 15/24わけにはいかない わけにはいかないCannot afford to, No way, Impossible to doN3 Lesson 6: 16/24〜ようとしない う・よう + としないNot willing to, Not make an effort to, To not attempt or try to, Volitional + としないN3 Lesson 6: 17/24もしかしたらPerhaps, Maybe, PossiblyN3 Lesson 6: 18/24たとえ〜てもEven if…is the case, Supposing thatN3 Lesson 6: 19/24ことにExtremely, Especially, To my ...N3 Lesson 6: 20/24ことか ことかHow…, What..., God knows...N3 Lesson 6: 21/24~かというと ① かというと ①Why? Well..., Why? Because..., If you ask me why..., The reason why is..., It is because...N3 Lesson 6: 22/24~かというと ② かというと ②If you ask me..., If I had to say, If I were to say, If I were to choose one, I'd ratherN3 Lesson 6: 23/24で言うと でいうとIn, Of, According toN3 Lesson 6: 24/24Lesson 7 – Precision and Frequency~ずつ ずつOne at a time, Per, Each, GraduallyN3 Lesson 7: 1/21ずっと ②By far, Way, Far...er, Far...moreN3 Lesson 7: 2/21だらけCompletely covered in, Full ofN3 Lesson 7: 3/21もっとも もっともAlthough, But, However, For all that, Provided thatN3 Lesson 7: 4/21再び ふたたびAgain, Once more, A second timeN3 Lesson 7: 5/21み み~ness, Used to indicate conditions or natureN3 Lesson 7: 6/21と同じくらい とおなじくらいAbout the same as, About as, No lessN3 Lesson 7: 7/21と同じで・と違って とおなじで・とちがってLike, Similar to, Unlike, Dissimilar toN3 Lesson 7: 8/21と並んで とならんでIn line with, Comparable with, Along with, Just like, As … asN3 Lesson 7: 9/21に違いない にちがいないThere is no doubt that, I'm sureN3 Lesson 7: 10/21当たり あたりPer~, A~, Apiece, EachN3 Lesson 7: 11/21に当たる にあたるCorrespond to, Amounts to, Equals to, Is appropriateN3 Lesson 7: 12/21に限る にかぎるNothing better than, There's nothing like, Limited toN3 Lesson 7: 13/21とは限らない とはかぎらないNot necessarily so, Is not always true, There is no guarantee thatN3 Lesson 7: 14/21めったに〜ない めったに〜ないHardly, Rarely, SeldomN3 Lesson 7: 15/21割に わりにAlthough, Despite, Rather...for, Unexpectedly, Comparatively, ConsideringN3 Lesson 7: 16/21Verb[volitional]とする う・よう + とするTry to, Attempt to, To be about toN3 Lesson 7: 17/21Verb[volitional] + としたが う・よう + としたがTried to ~ but ~, Was about to ~ but ~, Was going to ~ but ~N3 Lesson 7: 18/21言うまでもない ② いうまでもない ②It goes without saying, It is needless to say, Of course, ObviouslyN3 Lesson 7: 19/21そうもないVery unlikely to, Does not seem that, Does not appear thatN3 Lesson 7: 20/21ないことはない ないことはないIs not impossible, It doesn't mean that it isn'tN3 Lesson 7: 21/21Lesson 8 – Co-occurring and Increasing Actionsなんか・なんて なんてSuch as, Things like, EmphasisN3 Lesson 8: 1/23又〜も また〜もMoreover, Additionally, And also, In addition, Furthermore, OrN3 Lesson 8: 2/23ついでに ついでにWhile you are at it, On the occasionN3 Lesson 8: 3/23と共に とともにTogether with, At the same time, As well asN3 Lesson 8: 4/23につれて につれてAs…then, In proportion to, (Along) withN3 Lesson 8: 5/23直ちに ただちにAt once, Immediately, As soon asN3 Lesson 8: 6/23たとたんに たとたんにThe instant or moment, As soon as, Just asN3 Lesson 8: 7/23おきに おきにRepeated at intervals, Every other, Every, At intervals ofN3 Lesson 8: 8/23たびに たびにEach time, Every time, WheneverN3 Lesson 8: 9/23あるいは あるいはOr, Possibly, Maybe, Perhaps, Or possiblyN3 Lesson 8: 10/23ながらもBut, Even while, Even though, Despite, AlthoughN3 Lesson 8: 11/23において・における においてIn, On, At, Regarding, In terms ofN3 Lesson 8: 12/23第一 だいいちStart, First (point), Foremost, To begin withN3 Lesson 8: 13/23ますます ますますIncreasingly, More and more, Decreasingly, Less and less, Keep -ingN3 Lesson 8: 14/23一方だ いっぽうだMore and more, Continue to, Keep on, -er and -erN3 Lesson 8: 15/23一方で いっぽうでOn the other hand, At the same time, WhileN3 Lesson 8: 16/23遂に ついにFinally, At lastN3 Lesson 8: 17/23すでに すでにAlready, Too lateN3 Lesson 8: 18/23ずにWithout doingN3 Lesson 8: 19/23ずにはいられない ずにはいられないCannot help doing something, Cannot resist doing somethingN3 Lesson 8: 20/23なし なしWithout, NoN3 Lesson 8: 21/23ありPossibility, To have, WithN3 Lesson 8: 22/23考えられない かんがえられないUnthinkable, Inconceivable, Unimaginable, Cannot thinkN3 Lesson 8: 23/23Lesson 9 – Do it this Way, Did it that Way必ずしも かならずしもNot always, Not entirely, Not necessarilyN3 Lesson 9: 1/22連用形 れんようけいFormal ConjunctiveN3 Lesson 9: 2/22向き むきSuitable for, FacingN3 Lesson 9: 3/22向け むけIntended for, Aimed atN3 Lesson 9: 4/22上がる・上げる あがるSomething is finished, To finish something, Something has come to an end, To do something completely, To do something throughN3 Lesson 9: 5/22切る きるTo do something completely to the end, Utterly, ResolutelyN3 Lesson 9: 6/22切れない きれないBeing unable to finish or completeN3 Lesson 9: 7/22きりOnly, Just, SinceN3 Lesson 9: 8/22かけ かけHalf-, Not yet finished, About to, Begin toN3 Lesson 9: 9/22にかけて にかけてOver (a period), From ~ until, ThroughN3 Lesson 9: 10/22たて たてFreshly ~ed, Just ~edN3 Lesson 9: 11/22込む ① こむ ①To go into, To put into N3 Lesson 9: 12/22込む ② こむ ②Remain, To do thoroughly, Deeply, IntenselyN3 Lesson 9: 13/22ふりをする ふりをするTo pretend, To act as ifN3 Lesson 9: 14/22できれば・できたら できればIf possibleN3 Lesson 9: 15/22でよければ でよければIf it is alright, If you don't mind, If you would like, If possibleN3 Lesson 9: 16/22次第 しだいAs soon asN3 Lesson 9: 17/22とおり とおりIn that way, Exactly, Precisely, Just asN3 Lesson 9: 18/22でもあるBe also, It also isN3 Lesson 9: 19/22どうしてもRegardless of, No matter whatN3 Lesson 9: 20/22もしも~なら・もしも~でも もしも~なら If, SupposingN3 Lesson 9: 21/22同士 どうしFellow, With each other, Mutually, Between, Among, Together, WithN3 Lesson 9: 22/22Lesson 10 – Labelling and BlameがたいHard to, Difficult toN3 Lesson 10: 1/20まさかI never dreamed, Never, No way, Don't tell me, You don't sayN3 Lesson 10: 2/20前者は・後者は ぜんしゃは~こうしゃはThe former ~ the latter, The first ~ the secondN3 Lesson 10: 3/20ついAccidentally, Unconsciously, Against one's better judgementN3 Lesson 10: 4/20せいでBecause of, Due to, BlameN3 Lesson 10: 5/20くせに くせにEven though, And yet, DespiteN3 Lesson 10: 6/20がちApt to do, Tend to do, Prone to doN3 Lesson 10: 7/20ぎみ ぎみLooking, Feeling a little, Touch of, Tending to, SlightlyN3 Lesson 10: 8/20っぽい-ish, -like, Characteristic of, Typical of, Tendency toN3 Lesson 10: 9/20っぱなしLeaving something in a certain state, Left as is, Keep on -ingN3 Lesson 10: 10/20わざわざExpressly, Especially, Go out of one's way, Take the trouble toN3 Lesson 10: 11/20一体 いったい(What) the heck?, (Who) in the world?, (Where) on earth?, (How many) f*ing...N3 Lesson 10: 12/20折角 せっかくWith trouble, At great pains, Take the trouble, Might as well..., Rare/long-awaited occasionN3 Lesson 10: 13/20っけWhat is…again?, Was it... that... ?, Did you say...?N3 Lesson 10: 14/20代わりに かわりにInstead of, In place of, In exchange forN3 Lesson 10: 15/20に代わって にかわってIn place of, On behalf of, To succeedN3 Lesson 10: 16/20どころかFar from, Anything butN3 Lesson 10: 17/20という理由で というりゆうでFor (that) reason; on the grounds of (that), With the reasoning, Under the pretext of, Due toN3 Lesson 10: 18/20~は~となっている は~となっているIt is (has been), Have/has become, Happen to be, Has been establishedN3 Lesson 10: 19/20左右する さゆうするInfluence, Impact, ControlN3 Lesson 10: 20/20
N2Lesson 1 – Possibilities and Intentions得る・得る えるIs able to, Can, PossibleN2 Lesson 1: 1/24〜得ない えないUnable to, CannotN2 Lesson 1: 2/24ざるを得ない ざるをえないCan't help doing, Have no choice butN2 Lesson 1: 3/24~ざるTo not ~, Un~N2 Lesson 1: 4/24つもりでWith the intention of doing, Instead of..., Act as if or pretend, Believing that..., Thinking that...N2 Lesson 1: 5/24どうせAnyhow, At any rate, In any case, I have no doubt that, ProbablyN2 Lesson 1: 6/24せめてAt leastN2 Lesson 1: 7/24どうやらApparently, Looks Like, Seems likeN2 Lesson 1: 8/24なにやらSomething (or other), Some kind ofN2 Lesson 1: 9/24よりほかない よりほかないTo have no choice but, No other way than, Have toN2 Lesson 1: 10/24確かに たしかにSurely, CertainlyN2 Lesson 1: 11/24一応 ① いちおう ①Just in case, Just to be sureN2 Lesson 1: 12/24一応 ② いちおう ②more or less, for the time being, tentatively, roughlyN2 Lesson 1: 13/24に相違ない にそういないWithout a doubt, Certainly, Surely, Not mistakenN2 Lesson 1: 14/24万が一 まんがいちJust in case, In the worst-case scenario, In the unlikely event, By any chanceN2 Lesson 1: 15/24ようがない・ようもない ようがないThere's no way to, It's impossible toN2 Lesson 1: 16/24にほかならない にほかならないNothing but, None other than, SimplyN2 Lesson 1: 17/24っこないThere is no chance of, There is no way of, ImpossibleN2 Lesson 1: 18/24それならThen, If that's the caseN2 Lesson 1: 19/24ものなら① ものなら ①If, If one could, If something would be possibleN2 Lesson 1: 20/24~を~に任せる にまかせるLeave 〜 up to, Entrust 〜 toN2 Lesson 1: 21/24活かす いかすTo make use of (something), To take full advantage of, To capitalize on, To leverage (skills), Bring out (the quality of)N2 Lesson 1: 22/24おおよそApproximately, Roughly, About, Outline, GistN2 Lesson 1: 23/24まいWon't, Intend not to, Probably notN2 Lesson 1: 24/24Lesson 2 – Directions and Markers of Following上 じょうFrom the standpoint ofN2 Lesson 2: 1/24上に うえにAs well, Besides, In addition toN2 Lesson 2: 2/24以上 ② いじょう ②Since, Now that, As long as, IfN2 Lesson 2: 3/24以上に いじょうにMore than, No less than, Even moreN2 Lesson 2: 4/24途中に・途中で とちゅうにOn the way, Partway, In the middle ofN2 Lesson 2: 5/24中を なかをIn, On, Into, Inside ofN2 Lesson 2: 6/24を中心に をちゅうしんにFocused on, Centered on or around, Mainly, Most notablyN2 Lesson 2: 7/24その上 そのうえBesides, In addition, FurthermoreN2 Lesson 2: 8/24上は うえはOnce, Since, Now that, As long asN2 Lesson 2: 9/24の下で のもとでUnder, Under the supervision of, On the basis ofN2 Lesson 2: 10/24後(の) Noun あとの + (Noun)…left, Rest, Remaining, In, …to, …elseN2 Lesson 2: 11/24手前 てまえBefore, In front of, From one's standpoint or sideN2 Lesson 2: 12/24を巡って をめぐってConcerning, In regard to, About, (Split) overN2 Lesson 2: 13/24にわたって にわたってAcross, Throughout, Extends, Over (a period of time or range)N2 Lesson 2: 14/24に沿って にそってAlong, In accordance with, In line withN2 Lesson 2: 15/24た末・の末 ~たすえAfter, As a conclusion ofN2 Lesson 2: 16/24にしたがって にしたがってAs, Following, As then, According to, In accordance withN2 Lesson 2: 17/24に伴って・に伴い にともなってAs, Due, Along with, Hand-in-hand with, Resulted in, Be consequent uponN2 Lesson 2: 18/24につき につきDue to, On account of, Each or everyN2 Lesson 2: 19/24につけ につけWhenever, Every time something happensN2 Lesson 2: 20/24にかかわる にかかわるTo relate to, To have to do with, Concerning, Depends onN2 Lesson 2: 21/24に向かって・に向けて にむかってTowards, To face, To head toN2 Lesson 2: 22/24が気になる がきになるTo be interested in, To be concerned aboutN2 Lesson 2: 23/24に気をつける にきをつけるTake care, Be careful, Pay attention, Make sure, Watch outN2 Lesson 2: 24/24Lesson 3 – Limitations and Restrictionsも構わず もかまわずWithout worrying aboutN2 Lesson 3: 1/24かねる かねるCannot, Be unable to, Hard to, Hesitant toN2 Lesson 3: 2/24かねない かねないMight, Could be, Capable of, PossibleN2 Lesson 3: 3/24を除いて をのぞいてExcept, With the exception of, UnlessN2 Lesson 3: 4/24にかかわらず にかかわらずRegardless of, Whether or, No matter, With or withoutN2 Lesson 3: 5/24にもかかわらず にもかかわらずDespite, In spite of, Regardless, NeverthelessN2 Lesson 3: 6/24に限って にかぎってParticularly when, Those who, Only whenN2 Lesson 3: 7/24に限らず にかぎらずNot just, Not only… but alsoN2 Lesson 3: 8/24なお① なお ①Still, Even, YetN2 Lesson 3: 9/24なお② なお ②In addition, Incidentally, Furthermore, MoreoverN2 Lesson 3: 10/24限り かぎりAs long as, While… is the case, Limited toN2 Lesson 3: 11/24次第だ・次第で しだいだDepending on, SoN2 Lesson 3: 12/24次第に しだいにGraduallyN2 Lesson 3: 13/24~てこそOnly if, Because, By, Unless, UntilN2 Lesson 3: 14/24を問わず をとわずRegardless of, Whether or not, No matter, With or withoutN2 Lesson 3: 15/24よりしかたがない よりしかたがないThere is no choice but, Can't be helped, InevitableN2 Lesson 3: 16/24に越したことはない にこしたことはないThere is nothing better than, It is the best, Would be the bestN2 Lesson 3: 17/24要するに ようするにTo sum up, In summary, In shortN2 Lesson 3: 18/24てからでないと(Not) unless ~ cannot, (Not) until ~ cannotN2 Lesson 3: 19/24なくはないIt's not that…, Kind of, might, Slightly, Somewhat, In some respectsN2 Lesson 3: 20/24ないことには~ない ないことには~ないUnless you do somethingN2 Lesson 3: 21/24ないではいられないCannot help doing something, Cannot resist doing somethingN2 Lesson 3: 22/24ねばならない ねばなら + ぬMust, Have to, ShouldN2 Lesson 3: 23/24たまえ たまえ(Please) do!, Ask to, Beg to, (Order somebody to do something)N2 Lesson 3: 24/24Lesson 4 – When or During~のうち(で) のうちでOf the, Among(st)N2 Lesson 4: 1/18つつWhile, AndN2 Lesson 4: 2/18つつ(も) つつもEven while ~ing, Even though ~ing, Despite ~ing, Although ~ingN2 Lesson 4: 3/18に際して にさいしてOn the occasion of, At the time ofN2 Lesson 4: 4/18際に さいにWhen, At the time of, In case of, On the occasion ofN2 Lesson 4: 5/18にあたり・にあたって にあたってWhen, When doing something, On the occasion, At the timeN2 Lesson 4: 6/18を契機に をけいきにLead to, As a good opportunity to, As a result of, As a triggerN2 Lesson 4: 7/18つつある-ing, Be -ingN2 Lesson 4: 8/18~ところに・~ところへ ~ところにAt the time, When, While, TimingN2 Lesson 4: 9/18か〜ないかのうちに か〜ないかのうちにRight after, As soon as, Just when, BarelyN2 Lesson 4: 10/18がけに がけにOn the way to, As you goN2 Lesson 4: 11/18ていてはIf one keeps doing something, When, If something is...N2 Lesson 4: 12/18ところだった ②Was just about to do something, Was in the middle of...N2 Lesson 4: 13/18どころではないThis is not the time for…, Far from, Out of the questionN2 Lesson 4: 14/18ぶりに ぶりにFor the first time in, Haven't done for some timeN2 Lesson 4: 15/18ては ~てはIf, With, Since, BecauseN2 Lesson 4: 16/18ては〜ては ~ては〜てはRepeating action, If, SinceN2 Lesson 4: 17/18も又 もまたToo, Also (with more emphasis than も alone), AgainN2 Lesson 4: 18/18Lesson 5 – It All Starts or Ends With結果・の結果 けっかAs a result ofN2 Lesson 5: 1/18以来 いらいSince, HenceforthN2 Lesson 5: 2/18に先立ち にさきだちBefore, Prior to, In preference overN2 Lesson 5: 3/18はたして はたしてWonder if ~ (really)?, Wonder how ~ (actually)?, Sure enough, As expectedN2 Lesson 5: 4/18甲斐がある かいがあるTo be (not) worth, To (not) pay offN2 Lesson 5: 5/18やがてBefore long, All too soon, In the end, EventuallyN2 Lesson 5: 6/18したがって したがってTherefore, Thus, As a resultN2 Lesson 5: 7/18あげく あげくAfter, In the end, After all, EventuallyN2 Lesson 5: 8/18きっかけ きっかけLead to, Because of, As a start or trigger of, An opportunityN2 Lesson 5: 9/18にかけてはWhen it comes to, Regarding, ConcerningN2 Lesson 5: 10/18とっくに とっくにAlready, A long time ago, Long agoN2 Lesson 5: 11/18未だに いまだにStill, Not yet, Even nowN2 Lesson 5: 12/18をもとに をもとにBased on, From, According toN2 Lesson 5: 13/18からにはAs long as, Since, GivenN2 Lesson 5: 14/18いつの間にか いつのまにかSuddenly, Unnoticed, Without noticing, Too soonN2 Lesson 5: 15/18一旦 いったんOnce …, If … for a short time, Temporarily (stop), For now or the time beingN2 Lesson 5: 16/18はもとより はもとよりNot only... but also, Let alone, Of courseN2 Lesson 5: 17/18そうにないUnlikely to, Showing no signs ofN2 Lesson 5: 18/18Lesson 6 – For and Against, Through and Withoutに反して にはんしてGo against, Contrary toN2 Lesson 6: 1/20逆に ぎゃくにOn the contraryN2 Lesson 6: 2/20反面 はんめんWhile, On the other hand, Although, However, On the flip sideN2 Lesson 6: 3/20抜く ぬくAll~, Completely, See through, Overcome, To the bitter endN2 Lesson 6: 4/20抜きで ぬきでWithout, UnlessN2 Lesson 6: 5/20いよいよ いよいよAt last, Finally, More and moreN2 Lesson 6: 6/20ずに済む ずにすむGet by without doing something, To get away withN2 Lesson 6: 7/20に応じて におうじてDepending or based on, According to, In response to, Suitable for or toN2 Lesson 6: 8/20を通じて・を通して をつうじてThrough, Via, ThroughoutN2 Lesson 6: 9/20に応えて にこたえてIn response to, MeetN2 Lesson 6: 10/20それともOr, Or else, RatherN2 Lesson 6: 11/20にしたらFrom the point of view ofN2 Lesson 6: 12/20にしても~にしてもRegardless of whetherN2 Lesson 6: 13/20としてはAs a, For a, As forN2 Lesson 6: 14/20としてもEven if (we assume), Assuming, Also asN2 Lesson 6: 15/20それにしてもNevertheless, Even soN2 Lesson 6: 16/20ぬClassical negative, Classical verb [ない]N2 Lesson 6: 17/20ことなく ことなくWithout ~ingN2 Lesson 6: 18/20にてIn, At, With, Using, ByN2 Lesson 6: 19/20にはIn order to, In regard to, ForN2 Lesson 6: 20/20Lesson 7 – Thoughts and Expressions思うように おもうようにAs one hopes, As desired, As one thoughtN2 Lesson 7: 1/23かと思ったら・かと思うと かとおもうとThen again, Just when I thought, No sooner thanN2 Lesson 7: 2/23~ばと思います ~ばとおもいますI would appreciate it if, If you could, I would like to think thatN2 Lesson 7: 3/23というものでもない というものでもないThere is no guarantee that…, Not necessarilyN2 Lesson 7: 4/23と考えられる とかんがえられるCan be considered as, Is thought to be, One can think that, It is conceivable thatN2 Lesson 7: 5/23という点から考えると というてんからかんがえるとFrom the standpoint of, From the perspective of, From the viewpoint of, Think in terms of, Viewed from the angle ofN2 Lesson 7: 6/23ということは ということはThat means, That is to sayN2 Lesson 7: 7/23ふうに ふうに~ way, In a way that suggests, Like ~N2 Lesson 7: 8/23という風に というふうにAs if to say, As if to suggest that, In such a way that, Things likeN2 Lesson 7: 9/23もののAlthough, But, Even ThoughN2 Lesson 7: 10/23というものだ というものだSpeaker's impression, Criticism or conclusionN2 Lesson 7: 11/23から見ると からみるとFrom the point of view of, By the look ofN2 Lesson 7: 12/23ところを見ると ところをみるとJudging from, Seeing thatN2 Lesson 7: 13/23からすると・からすれば からするとJudging from, ConsideringN2 Lesson 7: 14/23からしてEven..., Judging from, Based onN2 Lesson 7: 15/23からといってJust becauseN2 Lesson 7: 16/23そういえばSpeaking of which, By the way, Come to think of itN2 Lesson 7: 17/23お~願う お~ねがうPlease, Could you pleaseN2 Lesson 7: 18/23~て頂戴 ~てちょうだいPlease doN2 Lesson 7: 19/23とかI heard that… something like, They said ... or something N2 Lesson 7: 20/23〜ようではないか う・よう + ではないかLet's do something, Why don't weN2 Lesson 7: 21/23かのようだ かのようだAs if, Just likeN2 Lesson 7: 22/23のではないだろうか のではないでしょうかI think ... isn't it?, It might be that..., Don't you agree?N2 Lesson 7: 23/23Lesson 8 – It Is The Way It Isて当然だ ~てとうぜんだNatural, As a matter of courseN2 Lesson 8: 1/23のも当然だ のもとうぜんだIt is only natural that, It is no wonderN2 Lesson 8: 2/23たった(の) たったのOnly, Just, No more thanN2 Lesson 8: 3/23恐れがある おそれがあるThere is a risk or fear that, Be in danger of, Possibility ofN2 Lesson 8: 4/23おそらく おそらくProbably, Perhaps, (Most) likely, (I) fear thatN2 Lesson 8: 5/23ものかDefinitely not, Absolutely not, Impossible, Do you really think~?N2 Lesson 8: 6/23おまけに おまけにIn addition, On top of that, What is more, To make matters worseN2 Lesson 8: 7/23に決まっている にきまっているSurely, Bound to, Certainly, Be decidedN2 Lesson 8: 8/23ことになっている ことになっているTo be expected to, To be scheduled toN2 Lesson 8: 9/23気 きFeel like ~, SpiritN2 Lesson 8: 10/23げ げSeemingly, Giving appearance of, [Expresses emotions or feelings]N2 Lesson 8: 11/23ことだから ことだからIt is exactly becauseN2 Lesson 8: 12/23ものだからBecause, The reason isN2 Lesson 8: 13/23ものですから・もので ものですからBecause, My excuse is, My explanation isN2 Lesson 8: 14/23ものがあるStrong judgement, There is something, Feel strongly thatN2 Lesson 8: 15/23傾向がある けいこうがあるTendency, Trend, InclinationN2 Lesson 8: 16/23~に値する ~にあたいするBe worthy of, Deserving of, Amounts toN2 Lesson 8: 17/23てしょうがない ~てしょうがないExtremely, Very, Really, It can't be helpedN2 Lesson 8: 18/23だけましだAt least, It's better than..., One should feel grateful forN2 Lesson 8: 19/23幸い・幸いなことに さいわいなことにLuckily, FortunatelyN2 Lesson 8: 20/23ようでは・ようじゃ ようではIf, If it is true thatN2 Lesson 8: 21/23さすが さすがas one would expect, only natural, that is just like..., evenN2 Lesson 8: 22/23ことは〜がIt is true...but, although, butN2 Lesson 8: 23/23Lesson 9 – Extents and Intervals更に さらにEven more or further, Again, More and moreN2 Lesson 9: 1/23精々 せいぜい(At) most , (At) best, No more than, BarelyN2 Lesson 9: 2/23僅かに わずかにOnly, Slightly, A little, Barely, MerelyN2 Lesson 9: 3/23および およびAnd, As well asN2 Lesson 9: 4/23たちまち たちまちImmediately, Quickly, Suddenly, In a moment or flashN2 Lesson 9: 5/23いきなりFor no reason, Suddenly, All of a suddenN2 Lesson 9: 6/23といったSuch as, Like, So much asN2 Lesson 9: 7/23を込めて をこめてFull of, Filled with, With ~N2 Lesson 9: 8/23に加えて にくわえてNot only...but also, In addition, Not to mentionN2 Lesson 9: 9/23何から何まで なにからなにまでEverything and anything, From A to Z, From head to toe, EverythingN2 Lesson 9: 10/23は別として はべつとしてApart from, (Setting) aside, Whether or, Except for, Save forN2 Lesson 9: 11/23だけにAs might be expected, Because, All the more because, It's only naturalN2 Lesson 9: 12/23だけはTo do all that one can, As much or many ~ as one couldN2 Lesson 9: 13/23だけあってIs only natural, …Being the case, Because, As might be expectedN2 Lesson 9: 14/23何より なによりBe glad, Be relieved, Most, Best, Above all else, More than anythingN2 Lesson 9: 15/23何といっても なんといってもBy any account, All the same, No doubtN2 Lesson 9: 16/23か何か かなにかOr something, Or something like thatN2 Lesson 9: 17/23てならない ~てならないVery, Extremely, Can't help but doN2 Lesson 9: 18/23のみならずNot only...but, Not just...but, What is moreN2 Lesson 9: 19/23それなのにAnd yet, Despite thisN2 Lesson 9: 20/23いわゆるWhat is called, So-called, Generally knownN2 Lesson 9: 21/23にすぎない にすぎないNo more than, Just, MerelyN2 Lesson 9: 22/23も~ば~も…And…, Both ... and ..., ... And ... as wellN2 Lesson 9: 23/23Lesson 10 – Whether or RegardlessでしかないMerely, Nothing but, No more thanN2 Lesson 10: 1/21てたまらない ~てたまらないCan't help but want to, Very, ExtremelyN2 Lesson 10: 2/21にせよ・にしろ にせよEven if, Even though, No matter, Whether… orN2 Lesson 10: 3/21何しろ なにしろNo wonder, After all, In fact, Because, At any rateN2 Lesson 10: 4/21にしろ~にしろ にしろ〜にしろWhether… orN2 Lesson 10: 5/21はともかく はともかくSetting aside, Apart fromN2 Lesson 10: 6/21ならともかくIf it's (A), sure, but (B), Putting aside (A), (B)N2 Lesson 10: 7/21やら~やら やら〜やらWhether or, Things like, And … so onN2 Lesson 10: 8/21しかしながらHowever, Nevertheless, ButN2 Lesson 10: 9/21ことにはならない ことにはならないJust because… doesn't mean…N2 Lesson 10: 10/21だけのことはあるNo wonder, Not surprising that, As expectedN2 Lesson 10: 11/21てはならない ~てはならないMust not, Cannot, Should notN2 Lesson 10: 12/21てはいられない ~てはいられないCan't afford to, Unable toN2 Lesson 10: 13/21陸に~ない ろくに~ないNot well or properly, Not much or enough, Barely, HardlyN2 Lesson 10: 14/21しかもMoreover, FurthermoreN2 Lesson 10: 15/21てでも ~てでもEven if I have to, By any or all means, No matter whatN2 Lesson 10: 16/21ともEven if, No matterN2 Lesson 10: 17/21ないわけにはいかない ないわけにはいかないCan't not, No way to avoidN2 Lesson 10: 18/21というわけではない というわけではないIt is not that, It doesn't mean that, It is not always the caseN2 Lesson 10: 19/21のももっともだ のももっともだMay well, Have or has good reason for, No wonder, … Is only naturalN2 Lesson 10: 20/21たってEven if, Even though, No matter howN2 Lesson 10: 21/21
N1Lesson 1に至るまで にいたるまで(Everything) from...to..., From…up until..., Starting with...ending with...N1 Lesson 1: 1/17たところで ~たところでEven if ~ cannot or will not, Even though ~ notN1 Lesson 1: 2/17如く・如き・如し ごとくLike, Similar to, As if, The same asN1 Lesson 1: 3/17に足る にたるTo be worthy of, To be enough, To be sufficientN1 Lesson 1: 4/17極まりない・極まる きわまりないExtreme, ExtremelyN1 Lesson 1: 5/17といえどもEven (if), Although, Even thoughN1 Lesson 1: 6/17を以て をもってBy means of, With, By, Via, In view ofN1 Lesson 1: 7/17きらいがある きらいがあるHave a tendency to, Tend to, Be slightly~N1 Lesson 1: 8/17ならまだしもA is fine...but B is not, If it's ~ then it is ok...but ~ is not, It's different when...but, It's not so bad when...butN1 Lesson 1: 9/17までもないThere is no need to, Do not have to, It is not necessary to, Needless toN1 Lesson 1: 10/17ともなると・にもなると となるとWhen, If, Once, AsN1 Lesson 1: 11/17をいいことに をいいことにTo take advantage ofN1 Lesson 1: 12/17如何 いかんDepending onN1 Lesson 1: 13/17~るまでだJust, Merely, Simply, OnlyN1 Lesson 1: 14/17にあってAt, In the (place or situation), Under ~ conditions or circumstances, During, Suited toN1 Lesson 1: 15/17を余儀なくされる をよぎなくされるTo be forced to do somethingN1 Lesson 1: 16/17とはThat..., (Surprised) that..., (Never expected) that..., (Shocked) that...N1 Lesson 1: 17/17Lesson 2じゃあるまいしYou are not ~ so..., it isn't ~ so...N1 Lesson 2: 1/17てからというもの ~てからというものAfter, Since, Ever since thenN1 Lesson 2: 2/17かたわら かたわらWhile, Besides, In addition toN1 Lesson 2: 3/17を皮切りに をかわきりにBeginning of, Starting withN1 Lesson 2: 4/17に至っては にいたってはWhen it comes to, As for, In particular, What is worse or moreN1 Lesson 2: 5/17なりAs soon as, The moment, WhenN1 Lesson 2: 6/17ともなく・ともなしに ともなくAbsentmindedly, Mindlessly, Unconsciously, Without paying attentionN1 Lesson 2: 7/17塗れ まみれStained, Covered in, Smeared, Dirty with, Soaked inN1 Lesson 2: 8/17ようが~まいが う・よう + が~まいがEven if, No matter what, Whether or not, [Emphatic], Volitional + がN1 Lesson 2: 9/17からするAbout, Or more, Over, Starts atN1 Lesson 2: 10/17にして① にして ①At, Over, In, Only (after, when, or because)N1 Lesson 2: 11/17ものをBut, Although, If only, I wish I hadN1 Lesson 2: 12/17であれEven if, Even, No matterN1 Lesson 2: 13/17をおいてほかに〜ない をおいてほかに〜ないNo...but, Nothing else but, None other thanN1 Lesson 2: 14/17をもってAs of, With, Effective fromN1 Lesson 2: 15/17とはいえ とはいえThough, Although (I admit that), Be that as it may, NonethelessN1 Lesson 2: 16/17ならではUnique to, Only, Impossible if not, Expected only ofN1 Lesson 2: 17/17Lesson 3すらEvenN1 Lesson 3: 1/17あってのExist only because of or due to, Owe everything toN1 Lesson 3: 2/17~たまでだ ~たまで + だJust, Merely, Simply, OnlyN1 Lesson 3: 3/17を経て をへてVia, Through, After (experience at job, university, etc.), Pass throughN1 Lesson 3: 4/17ながらに ながら + にWhile being, Born (with), Traditional (old-fashioned, as it was long ago), As always, While crying or in tears, (Burned) aliveN1 Lesson 3: 5/17たなり・なり ~たなりWhile... ~ing, Remaining, Not or ever since, Keep or leaveN1 Lesson 3: 6/17の極み のきわみUltimate, Extreme, Utter, Epitome, PeakN1 Lesson 3: 7/17にしてみれば にして + みればFor (A), In the case of (A), From (A)'s point of view, In the eyes of (A)N1 Lesson 3: 8/17だのThings like, And so on, Or something, And whatnotN1 Lesson 3: 9/17あくまでも あくまでもTo the (bitter) end, Stubbornly, PersistentlyN1 Lesson 3: 10/17べくFor the purpose of, In order to, To ensureN1 Lesson 3: 11/17ところをWhen, While, In spite of (the circumstances), Regardless of (the circumstances)N1 Lesson 3: 12/17からあるAs much as, As many as, At leastN1 Lesson 3: 13/17にして② にして ②To be ~ and ~, To be ~ as well as ~, Both ~ and ~N1 Lesson 3: 14/17つ〜つ つ (Conjunctive)two contrasting actionsN1 Lesson 3: 15/17飽くまで(も) あくまでJust, Only, Merely, StrictlyN1 Lesson 3: 16/17であれ〜であれWhether or, Or, No matter which, In either caseN1 Lesson 3: 17/17Lesson 4たら最後 たらさいごOnce, Now that, As soon asN1 Lesson 4: 1/18いかなる いかなるWhat kind of, No matter what kind of, No … (with a negative verb), Any... (with a negative verb)N1 Lesson 4: 2/18なりにIn one's own way, Of someone's own, Do one's best in one's own way, As much as one canN1 Lesson 4: 3/18れる・られる + ままにDo as (one is told or ordered…), In accordance with, In compliance with, Just likeN1 Lesson 4: 4/18にまつわる にまつわるSurrounding, Related or relating to, Associated with, Connected toN1 Lesson 4: 5/18たる たるにTo be (in a position of), As a, ForN1 Lesson 4: 6/18なら〜でIf ~ should, Before ~ shouldN1 Lesson 4: 7/18をものともせずMaking nothing of, Ignoring, In defiance of, Regardless of, DisregardingN1 Lesson 4: 8/18には当たらない にはあたらないNo need to/for, Cannot, Not worth it to, Not suitableN1 Lesson 4: 9/18ものと思う ものとおもうThink that, Believe that, Expect that, Have confidence that, AbsolutelyN1 Lesson 4: 10/18を踏まえて をふまえてBased on, Considering, Keeping in mind, Taking into account, ThereforeN1 Lesson 4: 11/18ゆえに ゆえにBecause, The reason is, Due to, Therefore, SoN1 Lesson 4: 12/18という というEvery single, Each and every, Emphasis, Everything that could be calledN1 Lesson 4: 13/18にとどまらず にとどまらずNot limited to, Not only...but also, Not stopping atN1 Lesson 4: 14/18と思いきや とおもいきやThought...but, When...thought that...but, Despite having thought...N1 Lesson 4: 15/18どうにもCannot, There is no way one can, Nothing one can do, Cannot possibly not by any means, Cannot do no matter how hard one tries, Nothing will come out, It is meaningless toN1 Lesson 4: 16/18ことだし(And) so, Because, SinceN1 Lesson 4: 17/18がん~Totally, Seriously, Completely, Furiously, MajorlyN1 Lesson 4: 18/18Lesson 5か否か かいなかWhether or notN1 Lesson 5: 1/18たら〜でEven if, IfN1 Lesson 5: 2/18べくしてAs expected, Meant to, Supposed to, Destined to, Sure toN1 Lesson 5: 3/18まま(に) ままに (As Desired)As (one likes, feels or pleases), Spur of the moment, Wherever one fancies, Spontaneously, On a whimN1 Lesson 5: 4/18かれ〜かれOr, Either orN1 Lesson 5: 5/18〜に〜ない ~に〜ないCannot even...if wants, Would like to...but cannot, Wants to...but cannotN1 Lesson 5: 6/18なくして(は) なくしてはWithout, If not forN1 Lesson 5: 7/18のなんのってSo much that, Extremely, VeryN1 Lesson 5: 8/18にかかっているTo depend onN1 Lesson 5: 9/18てやまない ~てやまないNever cease to, Always, Sincerely, Greatly, From the bottom of one's heartN1 Lesson 5: 10/18ぐらいなら くらいならWould rather...than, Rather than, Better offN1 Lesson 5: 11/18ってば・ったら ってばI said...!, I told you...!, !N1 Lesson 5: 12/18ずともEven if not, Without, Don't have toN1 Lesson 5: 13/18とあってSince...(it is no wonder that), Because...(it is no wonder that), Due to...(it is no wonder that)N1 Lesson 5: 14/18でもなんでもないNot at all, By no means, Definitely not, Nothing like that, Not reallyN1 Lesson 5: 15/18ぐるみで ぐるみでWhole, -wide, Across the, Entire, All of, With … altogetherN1 Lesson 5: 16/18そばからAs soon as, Right after, Even if … stillN1 Lesson 5: 17/18訳あり(訳あって) わけあり(わけあって)~ with reasons, Due to reasons, Defective, Problematic, UniqueN1 Lesson 5: 18/18Lesson 6に至って・に至り にいたってWhen it came to, Only when, Only after, Go as far asN1 Lesson 6: 1/18だに + しないNot even, Not at all, Never could haveN1 Lesson 6: 2/18がてらOn the occasion of, While … as well, While … (one is) at it, During, Along the wayN1 Lesson 6: 3/18んがため(に) んがためにIn order to, To, For the purpose ofN1 Lesson 6: 4/18いかん〜ずRegardless of (whatever … is), Irrespective of (whatever … is)N1 Lesson 6: 5/18にも~ない う・よう + にも~ないCannot... even if one wants or tries, Would like but cannot, Wants or tries but cannotN1 Lesson 6: 6/18い-Adj[く] + もなんともない く + もなんともないNot... or anything, Not at all, Not, By no means, Definitely not, Nothing like thatN1 Lesson 6: 7/18Verb + だに (Verb) + だにJust, Even just, Even merelyN1 Lesson 6: 8/18~なり~なりOr, Either orN1 Lesson 6: 9/18ないでもないKind of, Might, Slightly, It’s not (impossible) that, Somewhat, In some respectsN1 Lesson 6: 10/18もさることながらIt is a fact that, But, Even more than, It goes without saying, Not only but also,N1 Lesson 6: 11/18ものと思っていた ものとおもっていたWas under the impression that, (Always) the thought used to thinkN1 Lesson 6: 12/18でなくてなんだろうIf … is not … then what is?N1 Lesson 6: 13/18はさておき・はさておいて はさておき(Leaving or putting) aside, ApartN1 Lesson 6: 14/18折には おりにはWhen, Occasion, Opportunity, TimeN1 Lesson 6: 15/18とばかり(に) とばかりにAs if (to say), Seeming thatN1 Lesson 6: 16/18わ〜わ~and ~and, Keep ~ing, One after another, So much, So many, One after the otherN1 Lesson 6: 17/18なりともEven (a little), At leastN1 Lesson 6: 18/18Lesson 7に至っても にいたってもEven whenN1 Lesson 7: 1/18を兼ねて をかねてAnd also, Also (partly) to, Also (partly) for (the purpose of), At the same time, To double as, When … also, While … as well, And asN1 Lesson 7: 2/18Verb[ない]もの(だろう)か ないものだろうか(Why) can’t, Isn’t there, Wish that, If onlyN1 Lesson 7: 3/18Verb[て] + みせる ~てみせるI will definitely, I will certainly, Just watch, Whatever it takes, I swear, for sureN1 Lesson 7: 4/18相まって あいまってCombined with, Coupled with, Together withN1 Lesson 7: 5/18に足りない にたりないTo not be worthy, To not be enough, To not be sufficient, To lackN1 Lesson 7: 6/18べからずDo not, Must not, Should not, Cannot (べからざる)N1 Lesson 7: 7/18んばかりにAs if, As if it were about to, About toN1 Lesson 7: 8/18に則って・に則り にのっとってAccording to, In accordance with, Based on, In line withN1 Lesson 7: 9/18Adj限りだ (Adjective) + かぎりだExtremely, Really, Very, As ... as one can beN1 Lesson 7: 10/18はおろか はおろかLet alone, Much less, Needless to say, Not to mention, Not only but alsoN1 Lesson 7: 11/18めく・めいた めくLike, To show signs of, To have the appearance of, To come to a (state) similar to, Somewhat, An air of, Feels almost likeN1 Lesson 7: 12/18といわず といわずNot only A or B but every-; A, B and every-; Not only A or B but all over; A, B both, whether A or BN1 Lesson 7: 13/18にもほどがある にもほどがあるThere is a limit to, You are too ..., How …!, How … one can be!N1 Lesson 7: 14/18にもましてEven -er than, Even more than, More than anything, More than anybody, More than everN1 Lesson 7: 15/18まくる まくるLike crazy, Keep doing (without a second thought), Nothing but, On and on, Do … all around, To do a lot of, One after another, All over, Keep, Everything, Constantly, All the time N1 Lesson 7: 16/18わ〜わ(で) わ〜わでAnd...so, And...because, SinceN1 Lesson 7: 17/18どうにかSomehow (or other)N1 Lesson 7: 18/18Lesson 8や否や やいなやAs soon as, No sooner than, The minuteN1 Lesson 8: 1/19次第です しだいですBecause the reason is, Therefore, The present situation is like this, This is how (it is), Those are the circumstances, This is whyN1 Lesson 8: 2/19というところ というところI would say (about), I guess (about), It could be said that, About, At bestN1 Lesson 8: 3/191~たりとも~ないNot even one, Not a single, No (at all)N1 Lesson 8: 4/19ったらない・といったらない といっ + たらないCannot tell, describe, say or express how, Words cannot express, Too … for words, ExtremelyN1 Lesson 8: 5/19に照らして・に照らすと にてらしてIn light of, Based on, According to, Referencing, Comparing against, In view ofN1 Lesson 8: 6/19とあれば(Emphatic) if, If it is the case that, As (you wish)N1 Lesson 8: 7/19さぞYou must be very, How … you must be, I dare to say, I am sure or certain that you must be veryN1 Lesson 8: 8/19ときたら ときたら ①When it comes to, That or this … of mine, That or this darn …, That or this blasted …N1 Lesson 8: 9/19びる-like, Looking, Feeling, With an air of, To becomeN1 Lesson 8: 10/19にしたところでEven, Even for, Even from the perspective of, Even in the case ofN1 Lesson 8: 11/19~ばこそ ばこそPrecisely because, Only because, Because, Due to, Only ifN1 Lesson 8: 12/19ても差し支えない てもさしつかえないMay, Is it a bother if, Do you mind if, Is it a problem ifN1 Lesson 8: 13/19には及ばない① にはおよばない ①There is no need to, It is fine if you don’t, UnnecessaryN1 Lesson 8: 14/19に即して にそくしてIn line with, Based on, In accordance withN1 Lesson 8: 15/19ないまでもMay not … but (at least), Even though not, Even if notN1 Lesson 8: 16/19をよそに をよそにIgnoring, Disregarding, DespiteN1 Lesson 8: 17/19に限ったことではない にかぎったことではないNot limited to, Not restricted to, Not onlyN1 Lesson 8: 18/19とは比べものにならない とはくらべものにならないNothing compared to, Cannot be compared to, Much more, Way better, Above comparison (beyond comparison), Far greater thanN1 Lesson 8: 19/19Lesson 9まじきUnbecoming of, Unworthy of, Not proper for, Should not, Must not, CannotN1 Lesson 9: 1/20の至り のいたりUtmost, Height of, Extreme, Heartiest, Such a, Very, really, Completely, DeeplyN1 Lesson 9: 2/20に恥じない にはじないLives up to, Truly to …’s name, Worthy of, Not dishonor, Not putting to shame, Measure toN1 Lesson 9: 3/20ずじまいEnded up not, Did not (in the end), Never didN1 Lesson 9: 4/20に言わせれば・に言わせると・に言わせたら にいわせるとIf you ask, In … opinion, According toN1 Lesson 9: 5/20ったら・といったら ったらCannot tell, describe, say, express or find words for how, Words cannot express, Too … for words, ExtremelyN1 Lesson 9: 6/20こととてDue to, Since, On account of, BecauseN1 Lesson 9: 7/20ずくめCompletely, Entirely, All in, Nothing but, A real streak of, Without exception, JetN1 Lesson 9: 8/20には及ばない② にはおよばない ②To be no match (for), To not compare (with), To fall short (of), To not reach, Cannot win with, To be out of reach (for), To not be on par (with)N1 Lesson 9: 9/20とは言うものの とはいうもののAlthough, But, Although I say, Although it is said, Having said thatN1 Lesson 9: 10/20が早いか がはやいかAs soon as, No sooner than, The instant that, No sooner hadN1 Lesson 9: 11/20に難くない にかたくないNot hard to, Not difficult to, Easy to, Is obvious thatN1 Lesson 9: 12/20ならいざ知らず ならいざしらずDon’t know about it, Maybe it would or might be possible forN1 Lesson 9: 13/20を禁じ得ない をきんじえないCannot help feeling, Cannot but, Cannot hold backN1 Lesson 9: 14/20にかこつけて にかこつけてIn the name of, Using the excuse of, To use as a pretext of, Under the guise or pretense ofN1 Lesson 9: 15/20ようによっては ようによってはDepending on the way, Depending on howN1 Lesson 9: 16/20べくもないNo (doubt or hope), There is no way, It is impossible, Not a hope in hellN1 Lesson 9: 17/20と来たら ときたら ②For …(is the best), When it comes to, ConcerningN1 Lesson 9: 18/20ものとしてAssuming, Supposing, (Interpret) as, On the assumption, Regarding, ConsideringN1 Lesson 9: 19/20を前提に をぜんていにOn the premise ofN1 Lesson 9: 20/20Lesson 10ずにはすまないWon't get away without, Won't get off without, Have to, Have no choice but to, Can’t notN1 Lesson 10: 1/22に堪えない にたえないCannot bear to, Cannot stand to, Too much to, Cannot go on doing, Cannot tolerateN1 Lesson 10: 2/22始末だ しまつだEnds up, Finally, In the end, (Unfortunately) As a result, This is what happened, To come about, To wind upN1 Lesson 10: 3/22ものなら② ものなら ②If you were to do, If you try to, If … happens, Should there beN1 Lesson 10: 4/22にひきかえ にひきかえIn stark contrast, In comparison, On the other hand, While, In sharp contrastN1 Lesson 10: 5/22それまでだIf… then it is all in vain, It's done, It is useless, No point, It is a waste, That's it, It is all gone, N1 Lesson 10: 6/22といおうか といおうかHow to put it, How shall I put it, How should I put it, Or perhaps, Or maybe, Call it … orN1 Lesson 10: 7/22ずにはおかない ずにはおかないWill definitely, Will certainly, Bound to, Not fail toN1 Lesson 10: 8/22を限りに をかぎりにAs of (the end of), (Starting) from, (No longer) after, By (the), Ending withN1 Lesson 10: 9/22てはかなわない てはかなわないIt's unbearable when, It'd be unbearable if, I can't stand it when, I couldn’t stand it ifN1 Lesson 10: 10/22かたがた かたがたPartly for (the purpose of), In addition to, Along with, By the way, And also to, Incidentally, WhileN1 Lesson 10: 11/22を余儀なくさせる をよぎなくさせるForce to, To compel, Make unavoidableN1 Lesson 10: 12/22~てやるJust wait and see, Just you wait, To do a favor, For you, Definitely, For sureN1 Lesson 10: 13/22ただ〜のみNothing but, Should, Have to, Only, All that remains,N1 Lesson 10: 14/22ものとするShall, To assume, To suppose, To considerN1 Lesson 10: 15/22とのThat, ToN1 Lesson 10: 16/22以前 いぜんBefore, Not even, Before even, Precede, Far fromN1 Lesson 10: 17/22ともあろうOf all people, Such,N1 Lesson 10: 18/22こそすれ〜ないAnd certainly not, But certainly not, But, Although, Even thoughN1 Lesson 10: 19/22並み なみAs, On par with, Worthy ofN1 Lesson 10: 20/22に先駆けて にさきがけてFirst, Prior to, Pioneer, Ahead ofN1 Lesson 10: 21/22を機に をきにOpportunity, OccasionN1 Lesson 10: 22/22
Non-JLPTLesson 1ぞStrong emphasis (toward anyone), !Non-JLPT Lesson 1: 1/13ぜStrong emphasis (friendly or familiar), !Non-JLPT Lesson 1: 2/13わYou know?, Oh?, Ever so, Oh how I ever (emphasis)Non-JLPT Lesson 1: 3/13いSo?, Well? (friendly or familiar)Non-JLPT Lesson 1: 4/13ん (Slang)Slang abbreviationNon-JLPT Lesson 1: 5/13つ (Slang)Called, Said that (slang abbreviation)Non-JLPT Lesson 1: 6/13~やがるTo have the nerve to (A), To have the gall to (A), To freaking (A)Non-JLPT Lesson 1: 7/13がいいYou should, It would be good toNon-JLPT Lesson 1: 8/13かろうProbably, Right?Non-JLPT Lesson 1: 9/13ややA little bit, Marginally, SlightlyNon-JLPT Lesson 1: 10/13いずれもAll (positive), None (negative), Both, Whatever, WhatsoeverNon-JLPT Lesson 1: 11/13あわよくばIf luck is on my side, If the time is right, If possible, all going wellNon-JLPT Lesson 1: 12/13むずShall, Isn't it?, I wonderNon-JLPT Lesson 1: 13/13Lesson 2だ ⇒ やTo be, Am, Are, Is関西弁 Lesson 2: 1/21よ ⇒ で・わEmphasis (sentence ending particle)関西弁 Lesson 2: 2/21だよね・でしょう ⇒ やんRight?, Don't you think?関西弁 Lesson 2: 3/21じゃないか ⇒ やんかIsn't it?, Doesn't it?, Don't you?関西弁 Lesson 2: 4/21のだ ⇒ ねん たんだ ⇒ てんExplanatory関西弁 Lesson 2: 5/21ね ⇒ なRight?, Okay?, Isn't it?関西弁 Lesson 2: 6/21ない ⇒ へん なかった ⇒ へんかったNot, Will not, Did not, Has not関西弁 Lesson 2: 7/21じゃない ⇒ ちゃうTo be not, Am not, Are not, Is not関西弁 Lesson 2: 8/21くない ⇒ ないIs not関西弁 Lesson 2: 9/21ている ⇒ てる ている ⇒ とるDoes, Is doing関西弁 Lesson 2: 10/21ているの ⇒ てん ているん ⇒ てんExplanatory関西弁 Lesson 2: 11/21とく・たる・てまう ておく・てあげる・てしまうTo do in advance, To do for, To unfortunately do関西弁 Lesson 2: 12/21命令形 ⇒ ます形 + 長音 めいれいけい ⇒ ますけい + ちょうおんDo (something)! (imperative)関西弁 Lesson 2: 13/21ないで ⇒ んといてDon't (please), Please do not関西弁 Lesson 2: 14/21辞書形 + な ⇒ ます形 + な じしょけい + な ⇒ ますけい + なDo not, Don't (prohibitive)関西弁 Lesson 2: 15/21ないで・な ⇒ なさんな(Please) do not, Do not, Don't (prohibitive)関西弁 Lesson 2: 16/21Verb よう・う ⇒ Verb よ・お う・よう ⇒ お・よWill, Let's, Shall?関西弁 Lesson 2: 17/21と思う ⇒ 思う とおもう ⇒ おもうThink (that)関西弁 Lesson 2: 18/21させる ⇒ さすTo make someone do something (causative)関西弁 Lesson 2: 19/21[い] Adjective - [く] change い-Adjective (く Change)And (adverb)関西弁 Lesson 2: 20/21ないといけない ⇒ なあかんHave to, Must, Should, Have no choice but to関西弁 Lesson 2: 21/21